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Genomic and transcriptomic survey of bryozoan Hox and ParaHox genes with emphasis on phylactolaemate bryozoans
BackgroundBryozoans are mostly sessile aquatic colonial invertebrates belonging to the clade Lophotrochozoa, which unites many protostome bilaterian...
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Octopod Hox genes and cephalopod plesiomorphies
Few other invertebrates captivate our attention as cephalopods do. Octopods, cuttlefish, and squids amaze with their behavior and sophisticated body...
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Mutation of amphioxus Pdx and Cdx demonstrates conserved roles for ParaHox genes in gut, anus and tail patterning
BackgroundThe homeobox genes Pdx and Cdx are widespread across the animal kingdom and part of the small ParaHox gene cluster. Gene expression...
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Multi-regional expression of pancreas-related digestive enzyme genes in the intestinal chamber of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A
Bilateria share sequential steps in their digestive systems, and digestion occurs in a pre-absorption step within a chamber-like structure. Previous...
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Repetitive and zonal expression profiles of absorption-related genes in the gastrointestinal tract of ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A
Intestinal absorption is essential for heterotrophic bilaterians with a tubular gut. Although the fundamental features of the digestive system were...
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Insulin and circadian rhythm genes of the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) are conserved and orthologous to those in the rat, mouse and human
The African grass or Nile rat (NR) ( Arvicanthis niloticus ) is a herbivorous diurnal rodent which is used as a biological model for research on type 2...
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Extensive loss of Wnt genes in Tardigrada
BackgroundWnt genes code for ligands that activate signaling pathways during development in Metazoa. Through the canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling...
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Non-collinear Hox gene expression in bivalves and the evolution of morphological novelties in mollusks
Hox genes are key developmental regulators that are involved in establishing morphological features during animal ontogeny. They are commonly...
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Horseshoe crab genomes reveal the evolution of genes and microRNAs after three rounds of whole genome duplication
Whole genome duplication (WGD) has occurred in relatively few sexually reproducing invertebrates. Consequently, the WGD that occurred in the common...
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Evidence from oyster suggests an ancient role for Pdx in regulating insulin gene expression in animals
Hox and ParaHox genes encode transcription factors with similar expression patterns in divergent animals. The Pdx ( Xlox ) homeobox gene, for example,...
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Topological structures and syntenic conservation in sea anemone genomes
There is currently little information about the evolution of gene clusters, genome architectures and karyotypes in early branching animals. Slowly...
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Transformation of the Ancestral Body Plan and Axial Growth in Echinoderms: Ontogenetic and Paleontological Data
AbstractPaleontological data on the appearance and development of metazoan axial symmetry are compared with molecular genetic evidence to determine...
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Irreducible Complexity of Hox Gene: Path to the Canonical Function of the Hox Cluster
AbstractThe evolution of major taxa is often associated with the emergence of new gene families. In all multicellular animals except sponges and comb...
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Reconstruction of ancient homeobox gene linkages inferred from a new high-quality assembly of the Hong Kong oyster (Magallana hongkongensis) genome
BackgroundHomeobox-containing genes encode crucial transcription factors involved in animal, plant and fungal development, and changes to homeobox...
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Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo
A challenge for evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) biology is to expand the breadth of research organisms used to investigate how animal diversity...
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Jellyfish genomes reveal distinct homeobox gene clusters and conservation of small RNA processing
The phylum Cnidaria represents a close outgroup to Bilateria and includes familiar animals including sea anemones, corals, hydroids, and jellyfish....
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Regulation of HOX gene expression in AML
As key developmental regulators, HOX cluster genes have varied and context-specific roles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. A complex...
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Genome of the four-finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Perciforms: Polynemidae)
BackgroundTeleost fish play important roles in aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture. Threadfins (Perciformes: Polynemidae) show a range of interesting...
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Early Stages of Animal Mesoderm Evolution
AbstractSequencing of genomes of unicellular eukaryotes Holozoa ( Monosiga brevicollis, Capsaspora owczarzaki ), basal multicellular Porifera and...
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Self-Organization at Different Levels of Metazoan Complexity in Comparative Genomic–Phenomic Context
The chapter presents an analytic description of evolutionary and developmental morphogenetic events in Metazoa using concepts of self-organization,...