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The History of Pelvic Fracture Treatment
Learning from history is of crucial importance. This chapter deals with the historical background of pelvic ring fracture diagnosis and treatment,...
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Potential Mechanisms of Acute Standing Balance Deficits After Concussions and Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Review
Standing balance deficits are prevalent after concussions and have also been reported after subconcussive head impacts. However, the mechanisms...
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Isolated unilateral palatal and vocal cord palsy as an initial presentation of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
IntroductionChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system. Its...
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Activation of CamKIIα expressing neurons on ventrolateral periaqueductal gray improves behavioral hypersensitivity and thalamic discharge in a trigeminal neuralgia rat model
BackgroundPreceding studies have reported the association of chronic neuropathic orofacial pain with altered ongoing function in the ventrolateral...
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Spino-femoral muscles affect sagittal alignment and compensatory recruitment: a new look into soft tissues in adult spinal deformity
ObjectiveTo quantify muscle characteristics (volumes and fat infiltration) and identify their relationship to sagittal malalignment and compensatory...
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Intramedullary Tumors of the Cervicomedullary Junction
Cervicomedullary tumors (CMTs) are rare intramedullary neoplasms located at the junction of the cervical spine and brainstem. Intra-axial tumors of...
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Cervical and postural strategies for maintaining horizontal gaze in asymptomatic adults
PurposeTo investigate the different cervical strategies for maintaining horizontal gaze in asymptomatic subjects.
MethodsOne hundred and forty-four...
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Management of Chiari Malformation
Understanding of the Chiari malformation type I (CMI) has evolved over time thanks to accumulated surgical experiences, neuroradiological...
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Rheumatoid Cervical Myelopathy
Involvement of the cervical spine is a critical event in the natural history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Once affected, a series of pathological...
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Bilateral dual iliac screws in spinal deformity correction surgery
BackgroundSurgery for adult spinal deformity requires optimal patient-specific spino-pelvic-lower extremity alignment. Distal fixation in...
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Vertebral Column: Muscles, Aponeurosis, and Fascia
The anatomical complexity of the muscles of the vertebral column is subtended by a concept based on muscle–aponeurosis–tendon synergy. To adapt, each...
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Cervical spine alignment following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a pre-to-post analysis of 81 patients
BackgroundSeveral studies have emphasized the importance of restoring thoracic kyphosis (TK) in the setting of AIS, but very few have discussed...
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Optogenetic stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates neuropathic pain in rats of infraorbital nerve injury with/without CGRP knock-down
BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that electrical stimulation of the motor cortex is effective in reducing trigeminal neuropathic pain;...
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Glial Cells as Key Orchestrators of Neural Degeneration in Basal Ganglia Disorders
The congregation of nuclei in the forebrain, diencephalon and midbrain called ‘basal ganglia’ forms an important structure for neural signals...
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Brain Stem and Audio-Vestibular Regulation
The central pathologies present with perverted auditory perception and compromised postural control. Considering the existing controversy this study...
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Anatomical Description and Classification of Hip Dysplasia
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) consists of several morphologic abnormalities caused by intrauterine mechanical factors leading to...
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Surgical Techniques–Subaxial Cervical: Upper Thoracic Pedicle Screw Fixation
Upper thoracic pedicle screw fixation provides strong distal anchorage and supports cervical screws in posterior fusions. Individual anatomy varies...
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Influence of the Occipital Orientation on Cervical Sagittal Alignment: A Prospective Radiographic Study on 335 Normal Subjects
Cervical sagittal alignment is considered to have a special role in the pathogenesis and evaluation of cervical diseases. Previous studies have...
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Viral Disease of the Cornea and External Eye
Viral infections of the external eye range from benign to malignant, from a transient keratitis of mononucleosis to the progressive sarcoma...