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The Procedure of Nerve Biopsy
Nerve biopsy is a special histopathological examination used for determining the differential diagnoses of various diseases with peripheral nerve...
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Systemic Complications of Muscular Dystrophies
Muscular dystrophies may be accompanied by numerous, variable organ system involvements outside of skeletal muscle weakness. In some cases, systemic...
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Nerve conduction study on the split-hand plus index in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: correlations with lower motor neuron impairment
IntroductionIn the arms of patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) two peculiar patterns of dissociated muscular atrophy have been...
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Optic Neuropathy
Optic neuropathy, or damage to the optic nerve, is diagnosed by characteristic visual field loss, color vision deficit, decreased brightness sense,...
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Advanced Therapy and Clinical Trials to Treat Patients with Optic Nerve Diseases
Optic nerve diseases include a wide variety of pathogenic conditions triggering injury or dysfunction of the optic nerves that lead to visual...
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Herpes Zoster Virus (Shingles) Infection
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are both DNA viruses that are closely linked. Initial infection with VZV can cause acute...
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Self-Assessment Questions
This chapter serves as a self-assessment, with 100 multiple choice questions testing concepts covered throughout prior chapters of the book.
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Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a treatable, rare autosomal recessively inherited inborn error of the bile acid metabolism, with more than...
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Peripheral Nervous System Involvement
Vasculitis is an uncommon but treatable and thus important cause of neuropathy. Vasculitic neuropathy can occur as an isolated entity (nonsystemic...
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Genotype–Phenotype correlations of SCARB2 associated clinical presentation: a case report and in-depth literature review
BackgroundBiallelic pathogenic variants in the SCARB2 gene have been associated with action myoclonus-renal failure (AMRF) syndrome. Even though SCARB2...
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Zoster Polyneuritis Cranialis and Intracranial Vasculopathy
A case report of varicella zoster virus (VZV) producing cranial polyneuropathy with intracranial vasculopathy afflicting the internal carotid artery,...
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In vivo evaluation of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of colistin formulated with sodium deoxycholate sulfate in a mice model
Neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the major dose-limiting factors for the clinical use of colistin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative...
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Loss of β4-spectrin impairs Nav channel clustering at the heminode and temporal fidelity of presynaptic spikes in develo** auditory brain
Beta-4 (β4)-spectrin, encoded by the gene Sptbn4 , is a cytoskeleton protein found at nodes and the axon initial segments (AIS). Sptbn4 mutations are...
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Paraclinic Evaluations of Sciatica
Before treating the pain and offering the best chance for the patient to recover, it is crucial to accomplish an accurate diagnosis and correctly...
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A Switch from Glial to Neuronal Gene Expression Alterations in the Spinal Cord of SIV-infected Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy remains one of the most prevalent neurologic manifestations of HIV...
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Transcriptional dysregulation by a nucleus-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a length-dependent peripheral neuropathy. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases constitute the largest protein family...
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Pathology of the Optic Nerve and Extraocular Muscle
This chapter covers the wide-ranging area of optic nerve and extraocular muscle pathology and is divided into three parts: non-neoplastic anomalies...
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Infection
This chapter provides a concise overview of infections involving the central nervous system due to bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic organisms....
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AAV-based in vivo gene therapy for neurological disorders
Recent advancements in gene supplementation therapy are expanding the options for the treatment of neurological disorders. Among the available...
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Treatment of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy in older individuals and usually occurs in...