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Mediterranean Sea and Humans: Improving a Conflictual Partnership
Intense human activities in regions surrounding enclosed and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean produce, in the long range, a strong... -
The Mediterranean Mercury Anomaly, a Geochemical or a BiologocalIssue
This chapter deals with the distribution and speciation of mercury in the water column, sediment and biota of both the Western and Eastern Basins of... -
Satellite Observations as Indicators of the Mediterranean Sea’s Health
Satellite observations of the marine environment allow the assessment of optical, thermal and structural properties, which can be inferred from the... -
Nutrient, Oxygen and Carbon Ratios, CO2 Sequestrationand Anthropogenic Forcing in the Mediterranean Sea
The climate and the environment, together with present tectonic morphology, constitute main constraints for the Mediterranean Sea geochemistry. The... -
River Inputs of Metals and Arsenic
This chapter deals with the inputs of dissolved heavy metals and arsenic by rivers to the Mediterranean Sea. It is divided into three parts. The... -
Input of Various Chemicals Transported by Saharan Dust and Depositing atthe Sea Surface in the Mediterranean Sea
This paper reviews work on the role of Saharan dust as a contribution of various chemicals to the Mediterranean basin. Both the magnitude and the... -
Conclusions
This conclusion completes one more review concerning the natural condition of the Caspian Sea and the principal trends of change in the second... -
Pollution of the Caspian Sea
The pollution of Caspian Sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of long-term monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. It was shown... -
Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea
The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and... -
Economic and International Legal Dimensions
The Caspian Region has abundant hydrocarbon resources (oil and gas), as well as biological resources (fish), particularly the unique sturgeon,... -
Introduction
The Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed basin on the planet, is distinguished by special natural conditions, contains rich natural resources... -
Introduced Species
Five species of diatom algae, ten species of epiphyte-fouling algae, seven species of plankton invertebrates, 21 benthic organisms and three... -
Natural Chemistry of Caspian Sea Waters
Principal features of the natural chemistry of Caspian Sea waters are assessed: the salt(ionic) composition, dissolved oxygen, active reaction... -
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is a large lagoon east of the Caspian Sea and normally covers an area around 18000 km2 and is only a few meters deep. It is... -
Thermohaline Structure and General Circulation of the Caspian Sea Waters
The results of statistical and physical analysis of historical ship (more then 56 000 stations) and coastal temperature data and salinity... -
Biological Features and Resources
The Caspian Sea is of enormous importance, because of its extremely valuable fish resources. Thousands of tons of kilka, roach, bream, herring,... -
Environmental Issues of the Caspian
Environmental problems in the Caspian and its coastal zone shaped, and reflect the consequences of, the historical and economic development of the... -
Patterns of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Remotely Sensed Chlorophyll
Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll dynamics in the Caspian Sea remotely sensed by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor... -
Biological Indicators in Mediterranean Coastal Waters: a Link betweenEnvironmental Chemistry and Ecological Assessment
The initial approach to monitoring contaminants in the aquatic environment was direct measurement in the natural waters, but chemical analysis of... -
Surface-Active Properties of the Sea Surface Microlayerand Consequences for Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea
Most biogeochemical processes in natural waters take place at different phase discontinuities, among which the largest one is the atmosphere–ocean...