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Transcriptome analysis in abiotic stress conditions in higher plants
Drought, high salinity, and low temperature are major environmental factors that limit plant productivity. Plants respond and adapt to these stresses...
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Signal transduction in plant cold acclimation
Temperate plants respond to low temperature by activating a cold acclimation program leading to enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. This...
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Plant salt tolerance
Soil salinity adversely affects crop productivity and quality. The success of breeding programs aimed at salinity tolerant crop varieties is limited...
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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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The Material-Independent Signatures of Life.Forensic Tools of Astrobiology
Biological life is intimately related to the geochemical conditions on Earth and is fit for this planet’s energy flux. It has often been suggested...
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The Early History of Bioenergy
Energy is most commonly defined as the potential to do work. The maintenance of the living state requires a constant flow of energy through the...
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Assembling the Early Puzzle of Life
So far no theory, no approach, no set of formulas, and no blackboard scheme have been found satisfactory in explaining the origin of life. The...
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Sensors of abiotic stress in Synechocystis
Systematic mutagenesis of histidine kinases in combination with DNA microarray technology has allowed us to identify sensors for cold, hyperosmotic...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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The Early History of Bio-Information
In a general sense, the information level of a structure equals the minimum number of instructions needed to specify the structure (Orgel 1973). The...
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Deconvolution Microscopy
Since its introduction in 1983, deconvolution microscopy has become a key image-processing tool for visualizing the cellular structures of fixed and...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy in Single Molecule Nanobioscience
Recent development in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has made it possible to directly monitor the behaviors of...
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Tracking Movement in Cell Biology
This article is an overview of techniques for measuring movement of proteins, vesicles and cells using digital image processing. Diverse techniques...
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Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM)
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique to map the spatial distribution of nanosecond excited state lifetimes within...
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Spectral Imaging and Linear Unmixing in Light Microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for modern biological research. The wide range of available fluorophores and labeling techniques allows...
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Degradation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
Organic matter that is deposited in aquatic sediments is subject to an intense diagenetic reactor that determines how much organic carbon is...
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Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado
Avocado is a species widely cultivated for its highly nutritious fruit. Currently, soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora root rot are severe...
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Differential Gene Expression During Somatic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis is a complex developmental program in which somatic cells are induced for a commitment towards forming totipotent...
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Embryogenesis in Catharanthus roseus: Roles of Some External Factors in Proliferation, Maturation and Germination of Embryos
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant that contains two well-known anticancerous alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine. Cell...
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Participation of Plant Hormones in Determination and Progression of Somatic Embryogenesis
In vitro culture protocols have been developed for many species, mainly using empirical approaches, to induce somatic embryogenesis from various...