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Antimicrobial efficacy and amino acid substitutions associated with susceptibility to the tellurium compound AS101 against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae
The tellurite toxicity in Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae remains unclear. To understand the potential of tellurite as a therapeutic...
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S. cerevisiae K28 toxin – a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins
Since the initial discovery of toxin-secreting killer strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more than 40 years ago, continuous research on... -
Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to... -
The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species).... -
The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels... -
Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short... -
Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function... -
Vertebrate Limb Regeneration
In this chapter, we have touched upon some of the key processes of vertebrate limb regeneration from the formation of the wound epithelium to pattern... -
Regenerative Capacity and the Develo** Immune System
Many components of the vertebrate immune system have evolved with dual, interrelated functions of both protecting injured tissues from infection and... -
Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental... -
Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen... -
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage
Loss of articular cartilage from the ends of bones forming diarthrodial joints can be the source of profound pain and disability, and eventually lead... -
Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the... -
Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the... -
Mammalian Fetal Organ Regeneration
The develo** fetus has the remarkable ability to heal dermal skin wounds by regenerating normal epidermis and dermis with restoration of the... -
Tissue Engineering Strategies for Bone Regeneration
Bone loss due to trauma or disease is an increasingly serious health problem. Current clinical treatments for critical-sized defects are problematic... -
Stem Cells in CNS and Cardiac Regeneration
The central nervous system (CNS) and the heart muscle regenerate poorly after injury, yet evidence is mounting that both harbor cells capable of... -
Tomatidine, a Steroidal Alkaloid, Synergizes with Cisplatin to Inhibit Cell Viability and Induce Cell Death Selectively on FLT3-ITD+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
BackgroundAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a hematological cancer that frequently presents with a range of side effects and drug resistance during...