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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Stilbene and Chalcone Analogs of Combretastatin
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 7) has had a major impact in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent bioactive molecule that binds to the...
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Overcoming Bacterial Resistance: Role of β-Lactamase Inhibitors
Resistance to modern antibiotics is currently a major health concern in treating infectious diseases. Abuse, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics in...
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Synthesis of Carbolines Possessing Antitumor Activity
Synthetic approaches to a number of carboline derivatives having antitumor activity are described. Representative examples of molecules with...
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Diazo and Diazonium DNA Cleavage Agents: Studies on Model Systems and Natural Product Mechanisms of Action
Diazonium salts have been previously used to cleave DNA via generation of carbon centered radicals and cations. Efforts have been made in the...
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Production and Formulation of Adenovirus Vectors
Adenovirus vectors have attracted considerable interest over the past decade, with ongoing clinical development programs for applications ranging...
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Nonviral Delivery of Cancer Genetic Vaccines
The potential use of genetic vaccines to address numerous diseases including cancer is promising, but currently unrealized. Here, we review...
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Advanced Targeting Strategies for Murine Retroviral and Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Targeted gene delivery involves broadening viral tropism to infect previously nonpermissive cells, replacing viral tropism to infect a target cell...
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Molecular Conjugates
Molecular conjugates are nanometer-sized entities consisting of synthetic materials (lipids, polycations, targeting agents, and so on) and nucleic...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Adeno-associated Virus as a Gene Therapy Vector: Vector Development, Production and Clinical Applications
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as an attractive vector for gene therapy. AAV vectors have successfully been utilized to promote...
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Lentiviral Vectors
We review the use of lentiviral vectors in current human gene therapy applications that involve genetic modification of nondividing tissues with...
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Plasmid Vaccines and Therapeutics: From Design to Applications
In the late 1980s, Vical and collaborators discovered that the injection into tissues of unformulated plasmid encoding various proteins resulted in...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...