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2MASS Brown Dwarfs and a First Estimate of the Substellar Mass Function
More than 70 L dwarfs have now been found in followup work on a small portion of the sky surveyed by the Two Micron All Sky Survey. It is estimated... -
Adaptive Optics Imaging of Faint Companions: Test Case of MWC480
We briefly describe how diffraction-limited imaging with adaptive optics (AO) can detect young massive brown dwarfs by direct imaging. We will review... -
Space Weather Effects in the Upper Atmosphere: Low and Middle Latitudes
In this chapter the space weather effects in the upper atmosphere are investigated. It is discussed how space weather affects satellites and radio... -
12 Microbial Life in Brines, Evaporites and Saline Sediments: The Search for Life on Mars
When water on a planet begins to evaporate the dissolved minerals become more concentrated, form a brine, eventually precipitating out of solution... -
Introduction to Space Weather
Adverse space weather is one of the principal threats to modern human technology. Solar coronal mass ejections, large solar flares, and high-speed... -
5 Global Distribution of Subsurface Water Measured by Mars Odyssey
While the presence of water in minerals of the Martian surface has been known for many years and the storage of ground ice in the past and present... -
Conclusions
This conclusion completes one more review concerning the natural condition of the Caspian Sea and the principal trends of change in the second... -
Pollution of the Caspian Sea
The pollution of Caspian Sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of long-term monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. It was shown... -
Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea
The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and... -
Economic and International Legal Dimensions
The Caspian Region has abundant hydrocarbon resources (oil and gas), as well as biological resources (fish), particularly the unique sturgeon,... -
Introduction
The Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed basin on the planet, is distinguished by special natural conditions, contains rich natural resources... -
Introduced Species
Five species of diatom algae, ten species of epiphyte-fouling algae, seven species of plankton invertebrates, 21 benthic organisms and three... -
Natural Chemistry of Caspian Sea Waters
Principal features of the natural chemistry of Caspian Sea waters are assessed: the salt(ionic) composition, dissolved oxygen, active reaction... -
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is a large lagoon east of the Caspian Sea and normally covers an area around 18000 km2 and is only a few meters deep. It is... -
Nutrient, Oxygen and Carbon Ratios, CO2 Sequestrationand Anthropogenic Forcing in the Mediterranean Sea
The climate and the environment, together with present tectonic morphology, constitute main constraints for the Mediterranean Sea geochemistry. The... -
River Inputs of Metals and Arsenic
This chapter deals with the inputs of dissolved heavy metals and arsenic by rivers to the Mediterranean Sea. It is divided into three parts. The... -
Input of Various Chemicals Transported by Saharan Dust and Depositing atthe Sea Surface in the Mediterranean Sea
This paper reviews work on the role of Saharan dust as a contribution of various chemicals to the Mediterranean basin. Both the magnitude and the... -
Mediterranean Sea and Humans: Improving a Conflictual Partnership
Intense human activities in regions surrounding enclosed and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean produce, in the long range, a strong... -
The Mediterranean Mercury Anomaly, a Geochemical or a BiologocalIssue
This chapter deals with the distribution and speciation of mercury in the water column, sediment and biota of both the Western and Eastern Basins of... -
Satellite Observations as Indicators of the Mediterranean Sea’s Health
Satellite observations of the marine environment allow the assessment of optical, thermal and structural properties, which can be inferred from the...