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2MASS Brown Dwarfs and a First Estimate of the Substellar Mass Function
More than 70 L dwarfs have now been found in followup work on a small portion of the sky surveyed by the Two Micron All Sky Survey. It is estimated...
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Adaptive Optics Imaging of Faint Companions: Test Case of MWC480
We briefly describe how diffraction-limited imaging with adaptive optics (AO) can detect young massive brown dwarfs by direct imaging. We will review...
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Space Weather Effects in the Upper Atmosphere: Low and Middle Latitudes
In this chapter the space weather effects in the upper atmosphere are investigated. It is discussed how space weather affects satellites and radio...
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12 Microbial Life in Brines, Evaporites and Saline Sediments: The Search for Life on Mars
When water on a planet begins to evaporate the dissolved minerals become more concentrated, form a brine, eventually precipitating out of solution...
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4 Specific Features of Coupled Fluid Flow and Chemical Reaction
In many geologic processes, water-rock interactions are driven by continues supply of reactants provided by flowing groundwater. When water that...
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5 Fossil Hydrothermal Systems
Reactive transport modeling of the history of fossil hydrothermal systems provides the basis for understanding genesis of ore deposits as well as...
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Introduction to Space Weather
Adverse space weather is one of the principal threats to modern human technology. Solar coronal mass ejections, large solar flares, and high-speed...
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5 Global Distribution of Subsurface Water Measured by Mars Odyssey
While the presence of water in minerals of the Martian surface has been known for many years and the storage of ground ice in the past and present...
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KUEYEN: A Unique Machine for Stellar Studies
The VLT telescope KUEYEN (formerly UT2) will be a unique facility for stellar study thanks to the coupling of high resolution spectroscopy and...
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The VST - VLT Survey Telescope
We describe the telescope concept of the VST - the VLT survey telescope - and the scientific and instrumental background which lead to the kick-off...
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Globular Clusters in the Galactic Bulge
We present the characteristics and the distribution of the clusters projected in the direction of the Galactic Bulge. The clusters are compared to...
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Abundances of Intermediate/Low Mass Stars in the Galactic Bulge
Detailed abundance analyses available for stars in the Galactic bulge are reviewed. These consist of 5 intermediate-mass stars in the Galactic...
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Abundances in Sagittarius: Present State and Perspectives for the Use of VLT
Sagittarius, the nearest external galaxy, will be amenable to detailed abundance studies with VLT and other 8m class telescopes. Such data, in...
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Imaging Exosolar Dust Disks
Replenished circumstellar dust disks have been resolved around seven main sequence stars at optical to submillimeter wavelengths. We review these...
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Approaching the Deuterium Burning Limit in the $\sigma$ Orionis Young Cluster
We have obtained J photometry for a sample of 12 objects in the interval $16.0...
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Direct Observation of Hot Jupiters and Other Faint Companions with the VLTI
The existence of Jupiter-size planets very close to their parent stars (two examples of which are 51 Peg and...
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Eclipsing Binaries as Precise Distance Indicators
Double-lined eclipsing binaries provide the most direct distance determinations available for the LMC, SMC and other Local Group galaxies. Distance...
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Intracluster Planetary Nebulae
We briefly describe the properties of a newly discovered population of intracluster planetary nebulae in the Virgo cluster and the expected...
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Clustering at High Redshift
Together with the CMB, the three sources of information that astronomers have at high redshift as probes of the formation and evolution of the LSS...
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Science with ISAAC
ISAAC, the Infrared Spectrometer and Array Camera, offers imaging, polarimetric and spectroscopic capabilities between 0.9 and 5μm and is the first...