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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Risk Evaluation of Dietary and Dermal Exposure to Musk Fragrances
Synthetic musk compounds comprising nitro musks, polycyclic musks and macrocyclic musks are used in fragrances which are added to a variety of...
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Synthetic Musks in Bioindicators: Monitoring Data of Fish and Human Milk Samples from the Czech Republic
Until the middle of the 1990s, no attention was paid to the pollution of the environment in Czech Republic by synthetic musk fragrances and to the...
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Synthetic Musks in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sediment, and Sewage Sludge
Nitro musk and polycyclic musk fragrances accumulate in solid matters of the aquatic environment. They are analyzed by extraction with an organic...
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Enantioselective Analysis of Polycyclic Musks as a Versatile Tool for the Understanding of Environmental Processes
In this chapter the application of enantioselective chromatography to process studies related to the microbial, enzymatic and photochemical...
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Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Synthetic musks are being transformed to intermediates or relatively stable metabolites that may exhibit a strong potential for environmental harm....
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Diazo and Diazonium DNA Cleavage Agents: Studies on Model Systems and Natural Product Mechanisms of Action
Diazonium salts have been previously used to cleave DNA via generation of carbon centered radicals and cations. Efforts have been made in the...
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Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Stilbene and Chalcone Analogs of Combretastatin
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 7) has had a major impact in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent bioactive molecule that binds to the...
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Overcoming Bacterial Resistance: Role of β-Lactamase Inhibitors
Resistance to modern antibiotics is currently a major health concern in treating infectious diseases. Abuse, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics in...
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Synthesis of Carbolines Possessing Antitumor Activity
Synthetic approaches to a number of carboline derivatives having antitumor activity are described. Representative examples of molecules with...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices
Nitro musks and polycyclic musks are used as synthetic musk compounds in almost all scented consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, and...
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Synthetic Musks in House Dust
House dust is a sink and repository for semi-volatile organic compounds and particle bound organic matter. Although data are available on the...
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The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry
An overview of the role of musk and musk compounds in the fragrance industry is given. Discovery and syntheses of representatives occurring naturally...
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Novel Synthetic Antibacterial Agents
Classical (fermentation-based) and nonclassical (nonfermentation-based) antibacterials are conventionally used for the treatment of bacterial...