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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
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New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices
Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for...
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Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends
Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of...
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Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments
Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in...
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Worldwide Occurrence of Organotins from Antifouling Paints and Effects in the Aquatic Environment
Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far. Widespread contamination of harbors and areas with high ship**...
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Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources
The basic biological principles of the perception mechanisms for odour and irritants are fairly well understood. Much more uncertain is how these...
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Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibres
Pollutants in an indoor environment are a complex mixture of gases, vapours and particles in either the liquid or the solid phase, suspended in the...
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Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment
Organotin antifouling paints are degraded relatively rapidly in seawater mainly by microorganisms, but they have high affinities to sediment and...
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Toxicity and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Alternative Antifouling Biocides to Aquatic Organisms
Published literature has been reviewed regarding the toxicity of representative alternative antifouling biocides (Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid,...
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
This chapter provides an overview of the types, sources and current techniques for characterising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nonindustrial...
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Evaluation of Antifouling Booster Biocides in Marine Water and Sediments Based on Mass Spectrometric Techniques
This chapter outlines the stages involved in chemical analysis of antifouling booster biocides, reviews the sample preparation strategies and the...
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Photochemical Fate of Organic Booster Biocides in the Aquatic Environment
Considering the relevance and importance of photochemical processes in the environmental fate and behavior of organic micropollutants, the present...
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Emission Estimation and Chemical Fate Modelling of Antifoulants
Triggered by the debates around entry of force of the antifouling convention of the International Maritime Organization and the upcoming ban of...
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General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants in the Environment
Many marine lives prevent the surface of their bodies with antifouling substances without causing serious environmental problems. Some terrestrial...
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Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants to and from Indoor Surfaces
Adsorption and desorption of indoor air pollutants to and from indoor surfaces are important phenomena. Often called sink effects, these processes...
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Strategies for Healthy Indoor Environments – a Chinese View
The characteristics of indoor air pollution are reviewed. Three sources of indoor air pollution are of great importance for the health of people...
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Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Products and Materials in Indoor Environments
Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). With respect to a...