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Aerothermodynamics, Nonlinear Acoustics and the Meteorological Equations
The study of low-Mach-number flows occurs in the general context of asymptotic modelling of fluid flows, and in a recent book (Zeytounian 2004, Chap....
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Some Aspects of Low-Mach-Number External Flows
In this chapter, we consider first, in Sect. 4.1, a detailed derivation of the Navier–Fourier initial–boundary–value problem for the Navier velocity...
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Comparison of Single and Two‐Fluid Approaches
The results of the “0D„ analyses gathered in Tables 5.1 and 6.1 and discussed in Sects. 5.3 and 6.2 provide the basis for comparing Dam's к–ε and...
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Conclusion, Future Modeling Trends
The relevance of this study stands not in the topics that have been discussed, since most of them have already been explored for many years now, but...
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Single‐Fluid Approach: Example of Dam's к–ε Model
The statistical equations for the turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid are found in the literature [58], but they are adapted here to the...
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Specific Treatment of Shocks: Constraints on Models1
Before examining the phenomenology of the interaction between a shock and turbulent or material heterogeneities, it is useful to recall that the...
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Two‐Fluid Approach: Example of Awe's Model
Two‐fluid descriptions often use explicitly separate treatments for the conservation equations in each fluid, along with expressions for exchange...
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Molecular Dynamics
The aim in this Chapter is to show how molecular dynamics can be used to study conductive heat transfer in matter in terms of an atomic description...
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Solution of the Boltzmann Equationfor Phonon Transport
We discuss two popular methods for solving the radiative transfer equation in the field of thermal radiation, which can be used to calculate...
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Scanning Thermal Microscopy
Fundamental research and continued miniaturisation of systems (materials or components) have instigated and still require today the development of...
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Hybrid Techniquesand Multipurpose Microscopes
In this Chapter we discuss microscopes able to achieve submicron resolution using thermoelastic effects. Section 1 reviews the physical effects that...
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Optical Techniques for Local Measurement
Optical measurement techniques are well suited to many heat transfer problems, insofar as they are non-contact and generally non-invasive. Far-field...
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Introduction to Radiative Transfer
The aim of this Chapter is to introduce concepts and methods for modelling radiative transfer on short length scales. Electromagnetic radiation...
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Some Aspects of Low-Mach-Number Internal Flows
In the present chapter, the main problem concerns low-Mach-number flow affected by acoustic effects in a confined gas over a long time.
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Slow Atmospheric Motion as a Low-Mach-Number Flow
First, in Sect. 6.1, we discuss in detail various facets of the applicability of the Boussinesq approximation to slow atmospheric motion. In Sect....
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The Many Faces of the Asymptotics of Low-Mach-Number Flows
It has long been known (Janzen 1913 and Rayleigh 1916) that asymptotic methods provide a sound way of describing incompressible aerodynamics...
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A First Approach to the Asymptotics of Low-Mach-Number Flows
In this chapter, we describe an initial (rather ‘naive’) approach to the asymptotics of low-Mach-number flows, based mainly on consideration of the...
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Laws of Macroscopic Heat Transferand Their Limits
In this introductory text, we examine the three mechanisms of heat transfer. For each one, we review the main ideas used in the traditional...
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Investigation of Short-Time Heat Transfer Effects by an Optical Pump–Probe Method
The study of heat transfer properties on micro- and nanoscales generally requires one to work on time scales ranging between a few picoseconds and a...