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Biodiversity
Modern autochthonous Caspian fauna evolved from a few marine species over 1.8 million years in conditions of splendid isolation, existing...
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Environmental Quality of the Po River Delta
The Po River collects the discharges of the most populated and industrialized area of Northern Italy and enters the Adriatic Sea with a mean flow...
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Estuary of the Danube
The Danube is the second largest major European river, with a huge estuary located in two countries: Ukraine and Romania. The Danube watershed...
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The Mackenzie Estuary of the Arctic Ocean
The Mackenzie Estuary is a seasonally ice covered, deltaic estuary. It receives over 300 km3 of freshwater and 125 × 106 t of sediment annually...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air
For the first time, the presence of synthetic musks is confirmed and investigated in air samples. New analytical methods are described developed for...
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Synthetic Musks in Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
Musk compounds are widely spread environmental pollutants. Musk compounds were found in aquatic organisms from the North Sea, in rivers, lakes and...
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Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Products and Materials in Indoor Environments
Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). With respect to a...
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Strategies for Healthy Indoor Environments – a Chinese View
The characteristics of indoor air pollution are reviewed. Three sources of indoor air pollution are of great importance for the health of people...
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
This chapter provides an overview of the types, sources and current techniques for characterising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nonindustrial...
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Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants to and from Indoor Surfaces
Adsorption and desorption of indoor air pollutants to and from indoor surfaces are important phenomena. Often called sink effects, these processes...
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Due to the fact that both nitro and polycyclic musk fragrances and their metabolites are not readily biodegradable in most sewage treatment plants...
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Recent Studies Conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process
Although the environmental risk assessments for the nitro musks, musk ketone and musk xylene, and the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, showed that...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...
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Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems
This chapter compiles some data on the occurrence and fate of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment of Berlin, Germany. The city of...
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Multi-generation effects of lead (Pb) on two Daphnia species
Two monophyletic Daphnia species ( Daphnia magna and D. similis ) were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of Pb (50 µg/L) for nine generations under...
