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Higher Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Higher harmonic-generation, including second harmonic generation and third harmonic generation, leaves no energy deposition to the interacted matters...
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Multi-generation effects of lead (Pb) on two Daphnia species
Two monophyletic Daphnia species ( Daphnia magna and D. similis ) were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of Pb (50 µg/L) for nine generations under...
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Controls on the Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Lipids in Marine Environments
Organic carbon isotopes have long been used to study modern and ancient biogeochemical processes. Controls on the isotopic composition of organic...
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes: An Overview
This chapter presents background information on the Great Lakes and summarizes the content of each chapter of this book.
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Sources and Cycling of Organic Matter in the Marine Water Column
The organic carbon cycle operates on multiple time scales with a only small fraction of the global reservoir actively exchanged. For the marine...
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Atmospheric Transport of Terrestrial Organic Matter to the Sea
The transport of atmospheric particles with associated terrestrial organic matter to the oceans is an important process affecting various global...
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Biological Markers for Anoxia in the Photic Zone of the Water Column
In this chapter we review the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of anoxic conditions in the water column of past depositional systems...
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Molecular Tools for the Analysis of DNA in Marine Environments
In the last decade, microbial ecologists have increasingly applied molecular techniques to investigate microorganisms in natural environments. The...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy with Autofluorescent Proteins
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a versatile technique operating at the single-molecule level, that successfully meets many challenges...
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Lipid Markers for Marine Organic Matter
An astonishing variety of different lipids have been found in marine sediments and the water column attesting to the diversity of biosynthetic...
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Pigment Markers for Phytoplankton Production
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are commonly used as quantitative biomarkers for the composition and biomass of marine phytoplankton. This chapter...
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Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past
The oceanic nitrogen cycle consists of a web of microbially mediated transformations driven in part by the large range in possible nitrogen...
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Toxaphene in the Great Lakes
Toxaphene is a major persistent organic contaminant in air, water and fish in the Great Lakes. The story of toxaphene in the Great Lakes, like that...
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Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in the Great Lakes
This review examines the sources and occurrence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the Great Lakes environment and summarizes current...
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Perfluorinated Compounds in the Great Lakes
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) are released to the environment via their manufacturing processes, their use in commercial products, or indirectly via...
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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Great Lakes
The history of “dioxin”, PCDD/F, contamination in the Great Lakes is reviewed. Occurrence, geographical distribution, and temporal trends in air,...
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Sources and Fate of Organic Contaminants in the Marine Environment
The sources, levels, and fate of organic contaminants of major concern in the marine environment are reviewed. Spatial distributions among the...
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Introduction
According to Ernst Haeckel, any detailed hypothesis whatever concerning the origin of life must, as yet, be considered worthless, because up till now...