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9 The Goldstone Theorem
The mechanism of SSB does not only provide a general strategy for unifying the description of apparently different systems, but it also provide...
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Introduction to Part II
These notes arose from courses given at the International School for Advanced Studies (Trieste) and at the Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa) in various...
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6 Sectors with Energy-Momentum Density
We shall now discuss the requirement III of finite energy-momentum, briefly mentioned in the previous section. Clearly, the possibility of using...
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Basic Theoretical Concepts
Superconductivity is the phenomenon of dissipationless transport which occurs in many metals at su.ciently low temperatures. Metals in the...
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Aid of Scaling Laws in the Achievement of a Well-Controlled Film Deposition Process
Scaling laws are profitably applied in all the scientific disciplines. Approximated solutions constitute a valuable aid for the analysis of complex...
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Vibrational Spectroscopy in Ion–Irradiated Carbon–Based Thin Films
In this work we present and discuss some selected experiments on ion–irradiated carbon–based thin films. Vibrational spectroscopy is used to...
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Laser Ablation-Deposited CN x Thin Films
Amorphous CN x thin films were deposited at room temperature by pulsed laser ablation of graphite targets in a...
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Elastic and Structural Properties of Carbon Materials Investigated by Brillouin Light Scattering
Brillouin light scattering (BS) is a nondestructive technique exploited to investigate collective excitations in solids: acoustic phonons, spin...
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Pulsed Laser Deposition of Carbon Films: Tailoring Structure and Properties
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a versatile technique to synthesize films of a given material with strongly different properties. In this chapter we...
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Spin-Based Quantum Dot Quantum Computing
This chapter is an overview of the research on spin-based quantum dot quantum computation, which covers two most prominent architectures, one based...
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Optical Analysis of Monolayers at Surfaces and Interfaces
Surface as well as interface properties are crucial for tailoring advanced materials, especially if the structure size in one or more dimensions...
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AlGaN/GaN Electrolyte-Gate Field-Effect Transistors as Transducers for Bioelectronic Devices
AlGaN/GaN electrolyte gate field-effect transistors are assessed as a transducer device for biosensor applications. Their low-frequency noise power...
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13 Fermi and Bose Gas at Non-zero Temperature
As an example of symmmetry breaking at non-zero temperature we discuss the free Fermi and Bose gas, starting from finite volume and then discussing...
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1 Symmetries of a Classical System
The realization of symmetries in physical systems has proven to be of help in the description of physical phenomena: it makes it possible to relate...
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14 Quantum Fields at Non-zero Temperature
The general structure discussed above provides a neat and unique prescription for the quantization of relativistic fields at non-zero temperature...
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8 Examples
The model describes the simplest non-linear field theory and it can be regarded as a prototype of field theories in one space dimension (s=1). The...
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Semiconductor Few-Electron Quantum Dots as Spin Qubits
The spin of an electron placed in a magnetic field provides a natural two-level system suitable as a qubit in a quantum computer[1]. In this work, we...
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Ion Microscopy on Diamond
Because of its physical properties (strong radiation hardness, wide energy gap with a consequent extremely low dark current, very large electron and...
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Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Properties of Amorphous Diamond-Like Carbon Films
The Raman spectroscopy and optical characterization of amorphous hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon films is described. The samples were prepared by...
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Correlation Between Local Structure and Film Properties in Amorphous Carbon Materials
A discussion of the various amorphous carbon and amorphous hydrogenated carbon films is presented. A link between sp 2, sp...