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9 The Goldstone Theorem
The mechanism of SSB does not only provide a general strategy for unifying the description of apparently different systems, but it also provide...
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Introduction to Part II
These notes arose from courses given at the International School for Advanced Studies (Trieste) and at the Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa) in various...
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6 Sectors with Energy-Momentum Density
We shall now discuss the requirement III of finite energy-momentum, briefly mentioned in the previous section. Clearly, the possibility of using...
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Spin-Based Quantum Dot Quantum Computing
This chapter is an overview of the research on spin-based quantum dot quantum computation, which covers two most prominent architectures, one based...
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The Four–Dimensional Spacetime
Physics theories are made by building mathematical models that correspond to physical systems. General Relativity, the physical theory of...
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13 Fermi and Bose Gas at Non-zero Temperature
As an example of symmmetry breaking at non-zero temperature we discuss the free Fermi and Bose gas, starting from finite volume and then discussing...
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1 Symmetries of a Classical System
The realization of symmetries in physical systems has proven to be of help in the description of physical phenomena: it makes it possible to relate...
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14 Quantum Fields at Non-zero Temperature
The general structure discussed above provides a neat and unique prescription for the quantization of relativistic fields at non-zero temperature...
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8 Examples
The model describes the simplest non-linear field theory and it can be regarded as a prototype of field theories in one space dimension (s=1). The...
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Momentum and Energy Relations
The equations of motion (5.12) for the charged insulating sphere of radius a moving with arbitrary center velocity u(t) can be rewritten in...
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Semiconductor Few-Electron Quantum Dots as Spin Qubits
The spin of an electron placed in a magnetic field provides a natural two-level system suitable as a qubit in a quantum computer[1]. In this work, we...
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Boundary Conditions
Most Numerical Relativity simulations are devised to approximate the time evolution of the dynamical fields starting from data given on an initial...
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Derivation of Force and Power Equations
The inconsistency between the power and force equations of motion, (2.4) and (2.1) or (2.5), is so surprising that one is tempted to question the...
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Internal Binding Forces
In Appendix B, we have critically confirmed the evaluation of the self electromagnetic force and power, (3.1) and (3.2), leading to the force and...
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Astrophysical Bounds on Planck Suppressed Lorentz Violation
This article reviews many of the observational constraints on Lorentz symmetry violation (LV). We first describe the GZK cuto. and other phenomena...
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Inflationary Cosmological Perturbations of Quantum-Mechanical Origin
This review article aims at presenting the theory of inflation. We first describe the background spacetime behavior during the slow-roll phase and...
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Quantum Gravity
It is not clear at all what is the problem in quantum gravity (cf. [3] or [8] for general reviews, written in the same spirit as the present one)....
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Discovery of an X-Ray Outburst in an Optically Non-Active Galaxy
The main X-ray and optical properties of a very luminous X-ray outburst source are summarized. The results are: large variability in X-ray emission...
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Gamma-Ray Observations of Black Holes: The Prospects of INTEGRAL
In this paper we describe the upcoming European gamma-ray observatory INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory). This ESA satellite...
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A Search for the Presence of Bow Shocks around High-Mass X-Ray Binaries
The measured radial velocities, and the recently derived tangential velocities based on Hipparcos observations, have demonstrated that several...