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Molecular Conjugates
Molecular conjugates are nanometer-sized entities consisting of synthetic materials (lipids, polycations, targeting agents, and so on) and nucleic...
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Regulation of SNARE assembly by protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism that controls the secretory pathway. It enables coupling between the...
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Molecular mechanisms in clathrin-mediated membrane budding
Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) form at the plasma membrane where they select cargo for endocytic entry into cells. CCVs also form at the trans-Golgi...
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Tethering proteins in membrane traffic
In eukaryotic cells, protein secretion and the transport of materials between membrane-bounded organelles require efficient and accurate delivery of...
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Regulation of exocytotic events by centrosome-analogous structures
Centrosomes, spindle pole bodies, and related structures, generally termed microtubule organising centres (MTOCs; Pickett-Heaps 1969), are best...
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Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices
Nitro musks and polycyclic musks are used as synthetic musk compounds in almost all scented consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, and...
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Synthetic Musks in House Dust
House dust is a sink and repository for semi-volatile organic compounds and particle bound organic matter. Although data are available on the...
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The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry
An overview of the role of musk and musk compounds in the fragrance industry is given. Discovery and syntheses of representatives occurring naturally...
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Adeno-associated Virus as a Gene Therapy Vector: Vector Development, Production and Clinical Applications
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as an attractive vector for gene therapy. AAV vectors have successfully been utilized to promote...
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Lentiviral Vectors
We review the use of lentiviral vectors in current human gene therapy applications that involve genetic modification of nondividing tissues with...
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Plasmid Vaccines and Therapeutics: From Design to Applications
In the late 1980s, Vical and collaborators discovered that the injection into tissues of unformulated plasmid encoding various proteins resulted in...
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Regulating membrane curvature
Membranes of living cells are subject to a variety of shape changes. Membrane deformation is essential for cell division, locomotion, organelle...
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Models of Cardiac Ca 2+-Induced Ca 2+ Release and Ca 2+ Sparks
This chapter will review computer models of calcium ( Ca 2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes; specifically, we will discuss mathematical treatments of...
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Mathematical Modelling and High Resolution Fluorescence Imaging for Studying Calcium Regulation
The aim of this chapter is to describe and discuss a fundamental concept for studying cellular signalling. It is the combination of state of the art...
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Langevin Modeling of Intracellular Calcium Dynamics
Recent progress in fluorescent imaging technology has revealed that Ca 2+ is released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through clusters that are...
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Information Processing in Calcium Signal Transduction
Calcium signalling often employs calcium oscillations. It is by now a well-known fact that information, e.g. about the amount of stimulus that evoked...
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Phosphoinositides and membrane traffic in health and disease
The phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) are collectively known as the polyphosphoinositides (PIs) and they were originally...
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The function of Sec1/Munc18 proteins – Solution of the mystery in sight?
Members of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein family form a central part of the machinery responsible for transport vesicle docking and fusion. Their...
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...