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Enzyme-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Ketone Reductions
In this chapter, examples are given of the application of highly reactive prochiral ketones as substrates for enzymatic reductions....
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ExoU: A cytotoxin delivered by the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ExoU is a potent cytotoxin that is injected into host cells by the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has recently been shown to...
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Anthrax toxin and genetic aspects regulating its expression
Anthrax toxin is a unique, tripartite bacterial toxin, capable of causing edema and lethality through binary combinations of protective antigen (PA)...
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Duplication of genes and genomes in yeasts
The molecular evolution of the group of yeasts closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been profoundly affected by an ancient polyploidy...
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Aquaculture of “Non-Food Organisms” for Natural Substance Production
Marine invertebrates are already sources of commercially important secondary metabolites and may become even more so as knowledge on marine...
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Biochemistry and General Genetics of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in Fungi
Peptides like penicillin or cyclosporin are nonribosomally synthesised by large multifunctional enzymes. Peptide synthetase genes are coexpressed...
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Compartmentalization and Transport in β-Lactam Antibiotics Biosynthesis
Classical strain improvement of β-lactam producing organisms by random mutagenesis has been a powerful tool during the last century. Current insights...
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Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin and other plasmid-encoded yeast killer toxins
Supported by an endogenous killer plasmid DNA system that codes for an anti-proliferative zymocin toxin, the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has...
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Staphylococcal alpha-toxin
Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, archetype of an oligomerizing pore-forming toxin, is produced and secreted as a water-soluble 34 kD monomer. High...
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Shiga toxins and their mechanisms of cell entry
The Shiga toxins (Stxs) are related toxins secreted by Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli in addition to other bacteria. They all act by entering...
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Screening for New Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms
This article gives an overview of current analysis techniques for the screening and the activity analysis of metabolites from marine...
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Seafood Allergy: Lessons from Clinical Symptoms, Immunological Mechanisms and Molecular Biology
Food allergy consists of a wide range of disorders that result from adverse immune responses to dietary antigens. Manifestations of allergic...
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Marine Enzymes
Marine enzyme biotechnology can offer novel biocatalysts with properties like high salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold...
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Regulation of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Filamentous Fungi
The β-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. It is produced as end product by...
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Extraction of Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Several new methods besides the usual organic solvent extraction have been developed over the last few years for the extraction of primary and...
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Industrial Enzymatic Production of Cephalosporin-Based β-Lactams
Cephalosporins are chemically closely related to penicillins both work by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The first generation...
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Employing protein size in the functional analysis of orthologous proteins, as illustrated with the yeast HOG pathway
Comparative genomics has provided us with a new handle on the interpretation of protein sequences. The sequencing of numerous fungal genomes has...
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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Differentially Influences the Mucosal Immune Pathways Upon Influenza Infection in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Pig Model
In this study, we evaluated the impact of human gut microbiota on the immune pathways in the respiratory tract using a gnotobiotic (Gn) piglet model....
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Establishing Host–Virus Link Through Host Metabolism: Viral DNA SIP Validation Using T4 Bacteriophage and E. coli
DNA Stable Isotope Probing is emerging as a potent methodology for investigating host–virus interactions, based on the essential reliance of viruses...
