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Critical Phenomena in a Small World
We consider the behavior of various systems on a small-world network near a critical point. Our starting point is a different, nonrandom system with...
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Who Is the Best Connected Scientist?A Study of Scientific Coauthorship Networks
Using data from computer databases of scientific papers in physics, biomedical research, and computer science, we have constructed networks of...
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Scholarly Information Network
I review the background and some recent trends of a particular scholarly information network, ar**v.org, and discuss some of its implications for new...
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Information Theory of Complex Networks: On Evolution and Architectural Constraints
Complex networks are characterized by highly heterogeneous distributions of links, often pervading the presence of key properties such as robustness...
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The Small World Phenomenonin Hybrid Power Law Graphs
The small world phenomenon, that consistently occurs in numerous existing networks, refers to two similar but different properties — small average...
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Infrared Model Dielectric Functions
This chapter reviews a selection of dielectric function models progressed for lineshape analysis of (far) infrared ellipsometry data. Contributions...
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Extremal Properties of Random Structures
The extremal characteristics of random structures, including trees, graphs, and networks, are discussed. A statistical physics approach is employed...
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Spectral Analysis of Random Networks
We review a general approach that describes the spectra of eigenvalues for random graphs with a local tree-like structure. The exact equations to the...
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4 × 4 Transfer Matrix T p for Dielectric Helical Films
Dielectric helical thin films (DHTF’s) are described by a homogeneous rotation of an arbitrarily oriented symmetric dielectric function tensor ɛ...
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Polaritons in Semiconductor Layer Structures
The infrared optical response of layered structures composed of polar semiconductor materials is strongly influenced by resonant excitation of...
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Zincblende-Structure Materials (III–V)
The following chapters will provide different examples including various semiconductor materials of contemporary interest and with diverse...
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Carrier–Envelope Phase Stabilization of Single and Multiple Femtosecond Lasers
The basic concepts, technical implementation, and known limitations of actively stabilizing the carrier–envelope phase of a few-cycle pulse train are...
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Introduction to Femtosecond Technology
Femtosecond technology, with its ultrashort light pulses, is an innovative laser technology that can be used for multiple applications, e.g., in...
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Subfemtosecond XUV Pulses: Attosecond Metrology and Spectroscopy
The generation of ever shorter pulses is a key to exploring the dynamic behavior of matter on ever shorter timescales. Recent developments have...
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Neurosurgical Applications
The high precision of femtosecond laser ablation makes it an interesting tool for neurosurgical applications. The resection of arbitrary-shaped...
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Few-Cycle Pulses Directly from a Laser
Advances in ultrashort-pulse laser technology have led to the generation of few-cycle optical pulses directly from oscillators at high repetition...
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Ultrashort Pulse Thin-Disk Lasers and Amplifiers
This Chapter deals with the generation and the amplification of ultrashort pulses in mode-locked oscillators and multipass amplifiers based on the...
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Cutting of Diamond
For a number of years, diamond has been used as a material for cutting tools. Since conventional machining of diamond is difficult and expensive,...
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Characterization of Ultrashort Optical Pulses in the Few-Cycle Regime Using Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-Field Reconstruction
Interferometry provides a very sensitive and accurate means to measure the phase of an optical field. It has been applied with great effect in the...
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Course 1: Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions
Nonequilibrium phase transitions are discussed with emphasis on general features such as the role of detailed balance violation in generating...