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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function...
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Transfer RNA modifications and modifying enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Transfer RNAs are adaptor molecules, which decode mRNA into protein and, thereby, play a central role in gene expression. During the maturation of a...
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The biosynthesis and functional roles of methylated nucleosides in eukaryotic mRNA
Modified nucleosides are present in mRNA of all eukaryotes, albeit at much lower levels than in other RNA moieties such as rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA....
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Checkpoint and Coordinated Cellular Responses to DNA Damage
The DNA damage and replication checkpoints are signaling mechanisms that regulate and coordinate cellular responses to genotoxic conditions. The...
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Introduction: Regulatory processes, an emerging feature in intracellular membrane traffic
The subject of this volume is the molecular mechanism of the intracellular membrane trafficking, a central eukaryotic cell biological process. In the...
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Biosynthesis and function of tRNA wobble modifications
Post-transcriptional modifications at the first (wobble) position of the tRNA anticodon participate in the precise decoding of the genetic code that...
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Scientific and technical challenges for systems biology
Systems biology is an emergent discipline, yet can be rooted back almost a century when pioneering thoughts on system-oriented views were discussed....
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Conserved ribosomal RNA modification and their putative roles in ribosome biogenesis and translation
rRNA maturation requires extensive covalent modifications of riboses and bases. These modifications concern exclusively the most conserved regions of...
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Biosynthesis and function of 1-methyladenosine in transfer RNA
Determining the function of single nucleotide modifications in tRNA has been elusive because so many tRNA modification enzymes are not essential for...
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From isolation to integration, a systems biology approach for building the Silicon Cell
In the last decade, the field now commonly referred to as systems biology has developed rapidly. With the sequencing of whole genomes and the...
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Adenosine to inosine RNA editing in animal cells
Major advances in the understanding of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) have come from the generation of ADAR mutant animals. In mice,...
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Regulation of S Phase
Regulation of DNA replication is critical for accurate and timely dissemination of genomic material to daughter cells. The cell uses a variety of...
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Systems biology of apoptosis
New approaches are required for the mathematical modelling and system identification of complex signal transduction networks, which are characterized...
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Functions of Rab GTPases in organelle biogenesis
Rab GTPases regulate diverse aspects of the biogenesis of secretory and endocytic organelles. The conformational changes that accompany GTP binding...
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Histone Ubiquitylation and the Regulation of Transcription
The small (76 amino acids) and highly conserved ubiquitin protein plays key roles in the physiology of eukaryotic cells. Protein ubiquitylation...
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The Generation and Recognition of Histone Methylation
The posttranslational modification of histone proteins via methylation has important functions in gene activation, transcriptional silencing,...
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Histone Dynamics During Transcription: Exchange of H2A/H2B Dimers and H3/H4 Tetramers During Pol II Elongation
Chromatin within eukaryotic cell nuclei accommodates many complex activities that require at least partial disassembly and reassembly of...
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Folding of newly synthesised proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous compartment that can be found within any nucleated eukaryotic cell. Its job is to oversee the...