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Assembling the Early Puzzle of Life
So far no theory, no approach, no set of formulas, and no blackboard scheme have been found satisfactory in explaining the origin of life. The...
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The Early History of Bioenergy
Energy is most commonly defined as the potential to do work. The maintenance of the living state requires a constant flow of energy through the...
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Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards
Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of...
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Disruptive Behaviour (“Air Rage”): Possible Aetiology
The incidence of disruptive behaviour by passengers in civil aircraft is unknown due to under-reporting. The theoretical pathophysiology is...
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Human Physical Stresses at Normal and Abnormal Cabin Pressures
Atmospheric pressure is reduced as a function of altitude, thus making hypoxia, the condition of oxygen deficiency, a concern for aviation. The...
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Hazardous Organic Chemicals in Biosolids Recycled as Soil Amendments
The generation and disposal of biosolids produced at municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major environmental issue. Approximately 900 kg of...
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Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Pool Dissolution in Subsurface Formations
The objective of this chapter is to present some recent developments on nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pool dissolution in water saturated subsurface...
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Equilibrium Partitioning and Mass Transfer of Organic Chemicals Leached from Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials
Potentially hazardous waste materials (HWMs) are increasingly being recycled and used as highway construction and repair materials (CRMs). While...
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Occupational and Public Health Risks
Symptoms reported by passengers and crewmembers on commercial aircraft are described according to individual air quality-related sources,...
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Organic Chemicals in Groundwater: Modeling Fate and Transport
Hazardous organic chemical waste that has been placed in landfills or recycled for use as highway construction and repair materials has the potential...
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Beneficial Reuses of Scrap Tires in Hydraulic Engineering
Scrap tires are a high-profile waste material. There are serious concerns over the ever-mounting scrap tire problem. A need exists for increasing...
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Mathematical Methods for Hydrologic Inversion: The Case of Pollution Source Identification
The reliable assessment of hazards or risks arising from groundwater contamination problems and the design of efficient and effective techniques to...
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Organic Compounds in Paper Mill Wastewaters
This chapter is focused on the problem caused by the effluent discharges from paper and pulp mills. At present, three aspects should be considered in...
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12 Entropy Production in the Planetary Context
In this paper I review some applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics to planetary science. Of particular importance are the horizontal and...
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10 Thermodynamics of the Ocean Circulation: A Global Perspective on the Ocean System and Living Systems
In this chapter, we investigate thermodynamics in a global-scale open ocean circulation and discuss the physical properties of “living systems”, that...
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16 Temperature, Biogenesis, and Biospheric Self-Organization
We argue that the biosphere has evolved deterministically as a selforganized system, given the initial conditions of the Sun-Earth system. With...
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8 Entropy Production of Atmospheric Heat Transport
We examine the rate of entropy produced by the atmospheric general circulation and the hypothesis that it adjusts itself towards a macroscopic state...
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18 Insights from Thermodynamics for the Analysis of Economic Processes
The laws of thermodynamics constrain transformation of materials and energy, and thus have implications for economic processes. This paper provides...
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1 Entropy Production by Earth System Processes
Degradation of energy to lower temperatures and the associated production of entropy is a general direction for Earth system processes, ranging from...
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15 Coupled Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere and Biosphere
Earth’s climate has remained conducive to life for more than 3.5 billion years, probably because of higher concentrations of CO2 and CH4 greenhouse...