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7 Ground Ice in the Martian Regolith
The long-term existence of extremely cold climate on Mars has led to strong global freezing through upper layers of the planet’s crust that has...
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C Dictionary
Absolute life criteria. Traits that are present in all living systems (Szathmáry 2002) (see Potential life criteria).
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The Origin of Cell Boundaries and Metabolism
The wide gap between the properties of non-living phenomena and the simplest living forms cannot be explained without some intermediate stages...
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The Origin of Handedness
Some physical realities such as fluid vortices, certain molecular architectures, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, screws and some...
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Introduction
According to Ernst Haeckel, any detailed hypothesis whatever concerning the origin of life must, as yet, be considered worthless, because up till now...
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B Chronology of Definitions and Interpretations of Life
There are a large number of definitions and interpretations of life. The definitions presented here only serve a general bibliographic purpose as no...
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A Models and Theories of Life
A variety of numerical and chemical models have been proposed as analogies and simulators of the evolution and functioning of early life. Because...
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The Purpose-Like Nature of Life
According to Jeffrey Tze-Fei Wong (2002): A living system is one capable of...
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The Origin of Early Specificity.The Order, Complexity and Diversity of Life
One of the key assets of life is its ability to maintain a low level of internal entropy while avoiding reaching minimal levels of it. Understanding...
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Role of Iron in Light-Induced Environmental Processes
In this chapter, photochemical processes in natural aquatic systems involving iron in one way or another are reviewed. Homogeneous and...
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Introduction to Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment
In this chapter, an overview of Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Technologies (PAOTs) is given, together with recent relevant literature examples...
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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Troposphere
Key features of tropospheric photochemistry are highlighted including both homogeneous gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions that are important in...
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Recent Developments in the Environmental Photochemistry of PAHs and PCBs in Water and on Solids
This article updates the one on the same topic published in this series in 1999. The photochemistry of PAHs and PCBs in liquid water and on ice...
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Atmospheric Photooxidation of Gas Phase Air Pollutants
An overview of the gas-phase reactions responsible for the photooxidation of air pollutants is provided. Starting with an introduction to the...
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6 Cosmological and Biological Reproducibility: Limits on the Maximum Entropy Production Principle
The Maximum Entropy Production principle (MEP) seems to be restricted to reproducible dissipative structures. To apply it to cosmology and biology,...
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11 Entropy and the Sha** of the Landscape by Water
We explore applications of thermodynamics to hydrology, in particular the application of extremization principles to self-organized river networks....
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Trends in Pesticide Transport into the River Rhine
The occurrence of relevant pesticides in the River Rhine and two of its tributaries is presented over a period of ten years. Trace determinations...
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The Recovered Rhine and Its History
The Rhine has suffered tremendous changes: from a natural river to a heavily contaminated one, then through a purification process to a rather...
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MTBE in Lake Zurich
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is found in Lake Zurich at quite low concentrations between 40 ng L−1 in deep water or during the winter season,...
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Evaluating the influence of backfilling on the stability of an abandoned room-and-pillar mine: a case study in northern Spain
Bodovalle is a siderite mine located in northern Spain that is currently in the closure phase. The mine was exploited using the room-and-pillar...
