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  1. Water Quality of Lake Constance

    Lake Constance is used as a drinking water reservoir for about 5 million people. Because of its glacial origin from the Alps, the amount of...
    Michael Petri in The Rhine
    Chapter
  2. Hydrology

    The River Rhine is one of the major rivers of Europe -#8211; the only river that connects the Alps with the North Sea. It flows 1320 km from two...
    Walter Jülich, Klaus Lindner in The Rhine
    Chapter
  3. Natural and Artificial Radioactivity in the Rhine and Its Tributaries

    Presently, natural and artificial radioactivity in the Rhine River does not present a radiological hazard to the population. On the contrary, the...
    Sascha Wisser, Jens Hartkopf in The Rhine
    Chapter
  4. Pollutants as Byproducts and Degradation Products of Chemical Syntheses

    Byproducts of industrial organic syntheses are emitted with the wastewater into the River Rhine; in many cases they are polar and poorly...
    T. P. Knepper, F. Karrenbrock in The Rhine
    Chapter
  5. Pharmaceuticals in the River Rhine

    Pharmaceuticals are introduced into the River Rhine mainly via wastewater and can be detected almost permanently in mixed samples taken over the...
    H. Weil, T. P. Knepper in The Rhine
    Chapter
  6. Occurrence, Fate and Relevance of Aminopolycarboxylate Chelating Agents in the Rhine Basin, Germany

    Aminopolycarboxylates are used in many products and industrial applications because of their ability to form stable complexes with metal ions. The...
    Carsten K. Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen Brauch in The Rhine
    Chapter
  7. Analysis, Occurrence, and Fate of Aromatic Sulfonates in the Rhine and Its Tributaries

    An overview is given of the occurrence of aromatic sulfonates in the Rhine river and its tributaries. Since 1990, 25 different monomeric sulfonates...
    Frank Thomas Lange, Heinz-Jürgen Brauch in The Rhine
    Chapter
  8. The Development of Water Protection Requirements from the Point of View of Waterworks, with Emphasis on 30 Years of the Memorandum of the International Association of Waterworks in the River Rhine Catchment Area (IAWR)

    The International Association of Waterworks in the River Rhine Catchment Area (IAWR) defined water protection requirements for surface water that...
    Klaus Lindner in The Rhine
    Chapter
  9. 3. Lessons from the History of Life

    The discussion of life on other worlds is inevitably qualified by the phrase, “life as we know it.” This customary and appropriate caution among...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter
  10. 8. Ideas of Exotic Forms of Life

    Science and speculation have converged at the boundaries of human imagination to conceive of some very exotic states of matter and/or energy that...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter
  11. 1. Introduction

    Astrobiology studies the origin, evolution, distribution, and fate of life throughout the universe, with no direct evidence that life exists anywhere...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter
  12. Mechanisms of Direct Photolysis of Biocides Based on Halogenated Phenols and Anilines

    The halogenated phenols and anilines are the parent chromophores of a number of widely used pesticides, among them phenoxyacetic acid and...
    Gottfried Grabner, Claire Richard in Environmental Photochemistry Part II
    Chapter
  13. Basic Concepts of Photochemical Transformations

    Photochemistry is concerned with the interaction between light and matter. The present chapter outlines the basic concepts of photochemistry in...
    Chapter
  14. Photocatalytic Detoxification of Water and Air

    The use of semiconductor photocatalysis for treatment of water and air has been a topic of intense research activity over the past 20 years. This...
    Peter K. J. Robertson, Detlef W. Bahnemann, ... Fiona Wood in Environmental Photochemistry Part II
    Chapter
  15. Aquatic Phototransformation of Organic Contaminants Induced by Coloured Dissolved Natural Organic Matter

    This review will first give a brief description of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from the aquatic environment or extracted from soil....
    Claire Richard, Silvio Canonica in Environmental Photochemistry Part II
    Chapter
  16. Photocatalytic Active Surfaces and Photo-Induced High Hydrophilicity/High Hydrophobicity

    There are two types of photo-effects on a TiO 2 surface. One is the well-known photocatalytic reaction and another is the highly...
    Hiroshi Irie, Kazuhito Hashimoto in Environmental Photochemistry Part II
    Chapter
  17. 13 Microbiology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents: Lessons for Mars Exploration

    A large proportion of the Earth (70 %) is covered by seas and oceans. Oceanic waters below one kilometre depth constitute the deep-sea, which...
    Daniel Prieur in Water on Mars and Life
    Chapter
  18. 6 Polar Caps

    The permanent polar caps of Mars constitute the largest known reservoirs of H2O on the planet. The permanent caps are distinguished from the seasonal...
    Christine S. Hvidberg in Water on Mars and Life
    Chapter
  19. 8 Water Cycle in the Atmosphere and Shallow Subsurface

    The global water cycle on Earth constitutes one of the most relevant components of the terrestrial ecosystem. While the vast majority of terrestrial...
    Tetsuya Tokano in Water on Mars and Life
    Chapter
  20. 9 Polar Lakes, Streams, and Springs as Analogs for the Hydrological Cycle on Mars

    The extensive fluvial features seen on the surface of Mars attest to the stable flow of water on that planet at some time in the past. However the...
    Christopher P. McKay, Dale T. Andersen, ... John C. Priscu in Water on Mars and Life
    Chapter
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