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3 Stumbling into the MEP Racket: An Historical Perspective
An historical tale is told of the author’s involvement with research on the possible application of a principle of maximum entropy production to...
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17 Entropy and Gaia: Is There a Link Between MEP and Self-Regulation in the Climate System?
The Gaia hypothesis posits that the Earth’s climate is self-regulating, while the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle suggests that the...
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4 Maximum Entropy Production and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Over the last 30 years empirical evidence in favour of the Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) principle for non-equilibrium systems has been...
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14 Biotic Entropy Production and Global Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions
Atmospheric conditions constrain biotic activity through incoming solar radiation, temperature, and soil water availability on land. At the same time...
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2 Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics in an Energy-Rich Universe
Free energy, the ability to do work, is the most universal currency known in the natural sciences. In an expanding, non-equilibrated Universe, it is...
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13 The Free-Energy Transduction and Entropy Production in Initial Photosynthetic Reaction
Initial photosynthetic reactions in bacterial photosynthesis are modeled in this chapter as transitions among discrete states of integral membrane...
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9 Water Vapor and Entropy Production in the Earth’s Atmosphere
This chapter investigates the production of entropy by moist processes in the Earth’s climate system. The atmospheric circulation can be considered...
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Specific Examples of Critical Path Analysis
At the end of Chap. 1 the general technique of critical path analysis was introduced. This technique will actually form the basis of most of the...
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Basic Constitutive Relations for Unsaturated Media
The following sections describe how to find the hydraulic conductivity, air permeability, electrical conductivity, as well as solute and gas...
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Mechanisms of Direct Photolysis of Biocides Based on Halogenated Phenols and Anilines
The halogenated phenols and anilines are the parent chromophores of a number of widely used pesticides, among them phenoxyacetic acid and...
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Basic Concepts of Photochemical Transformations
Photochemistry is concerned with the interaction between light and matter. The present chapter outlines the basic concepts of photochemistry in...
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Photocatalytic Detoxification of Water and Air
The use of semiconductor photocatalysis for treatment of water and air has been a topic of intense research activity over the past 20 years. This...
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Aquatic Phototransformation of Organic Contaminants Induced by Coloured Dissolved Natural Organic Matter
This review will first give a brief description of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from the aquatic environment or extracted from soil....
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Photocatalytic Active Surfaces and Photo-Induced High Hydrophilicity/High Hydrophobicity
There are two types of photo-effects on a TiO 2 surface. One is the well-known photocatalytic reaction and another is the highly...
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Applications of the Cluster Statistics
This chapter presents a conceptually straightforward treatment of spatial correlations of “random” heterogeneous media, but does not intend to...
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Porous Media Primer for Physicists
During the 1980's physicists (and some geophysicists) devoted considerable efforts to understanding the physical (meaning here not hydraulic)...
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Percolation Theory
Percolation describes properties related to the connectivity of large numbers of objects which individually have some spatial extent, and for which...
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7. Habitats of Life
There are four principal habitats in which life may exist – the surface of a planetary body, its subsurface, its atmosphere and space. From our own...
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9. Signatures of Life and the Question of Detection
In this chapter we will elaborate on how evidence for life on other worlds can be sought, and if present, possibly detected. The best evidence for...