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Translational Recoding and RNA Modifications
During protein synthesis, codons in mRNA are translated sequentially in frame on the ribosome following strict decoding rules. This process is...
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Modification and editing of RNA: historical overview and important facts to remember
RNA plays a central role in many cellular processes and several peculiarities of RNAs are probably relics of an ancient primordial RNA World. To...
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Role of a conserved pseudouridine in U2 snRNA on the structural and electrostatic features of the spliceosomal pre-mRNA branch site
A pseudouridine (ψ) residue in a phylogenetically conserved position of U2 snRNA that pairs with the intron to form the pre-mRNA branch site helix of...
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What is systems biology? From genes to function and back
The essence of the grand contributions of physiology and molecular biology to biology is discussed in relation to what may be needed to understand...
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Modeling the E. coli cell: The need for computing, cooperation, and consortia
Escherichia coli K-12 is an ideal test bed for pushing forward the limits of our ability to understand cellular systems through computational...
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Regulation of exocytotic events by centrosome-analogous structures
Centrosomes, spindle pole bodies, and related structures, generally termed microtubule organising centres (MTOCs; Pickett-Heaps 1969), are best...
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Central Player in Cell Signalling and Protein Synthesis
In addition to being the principle intracellular Ca 2+ store, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the initial site of synthesis and folding of membrane...
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Energy metabolism, anti-oxidant defense and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Food restriction and impaired gene function by mutation or RNAi treatment can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans considerably. In contrast...
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Do green plants age, and if so, how?
Time-dependent ageing-like processes in green plants are discussed and compared to gerontological changes in animals and other organisms. The...
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Conditional senescence in prokaryotes
Bacteria are immortal in the sense that their capacity for reproduction appears limitless as long as the environment supports growth. However, this...
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Global and Local Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation by Calcium Transients
Embryonic spinal neurons express ion channels prior to synaptogenesis that mediate specialized forms of excitability promoting Ca 2+ influx. Ca 2+...
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Role of NAADP in Coordinating Spatiotemporal Aspects of Calcium Signalling
We outline the roles of two low molecular weight phosphorylated compounds as intracellular messengers in calcium signaling. These new intracellular...
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10 Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism in mammalian cell signalling
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite implicated in the regulation of vital biological processes. Ample evidence...
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8 Biosynthesis and compartmentation of triacylglycerol in higher plants
The biosynthesis of storage lipids (triacylglycerols) in higher plants is now known to occur via a number of different routes. These include the...
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Introduction: Lipids: cellular glue...or are they more than that?
Some 40 years ago, there was a rumor in the research community that lipids are the stuff you have to throw away before starting biochemical...
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Mitochondrial and ER Calcium Uptake and Release Fluxes and their Interplay in Intact Nerve Cells
Ionized free Ca ( Ca 2+) is a ubiquitous signaling ion that serves as the critical link between a variety of physiological stimuli and their...
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Building a Wave – Models of the Puff-to-Wave Transition
Ca2+ release channels open and close randomly because of random binding and dissociation of Ca2+ and IP3 to their subunits. They are arranged in...
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Role of subcytotoxic stress in tissue ageing
Most commonly stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is defined as the long-term effects of subcytotoxic stress on proliferative cell types,...
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Mammalian and bird aging, oxygen radicals, and restricted feeding
In this chapter, the relationship of aging with oxidative stress is reviewed. Endogenous tissue antioxidants do not determine aging because they...
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Molecular Dissection of the Clathrin-Endocytosis Machinery in Plants
In the last few years, the endocytic vesicular uptake in plant cells has gained increasing significance in several physiological processes....