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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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Sensors of abiotic stress in Synechocystis
Systematic mutagenesis of histidine kinases in combination with DNA microarray technology has allowed us to identify sensors for cold, hyperosmotic...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment
Organotin antifouling paints are degraded relatively rapidly in seawater mainly by microorganisms, but they have high affinities to sediment and...
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes: An Overview
This chapter presents background information on the Great Lakes and summarizes the content of each chapter of this book.
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Toxicity and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Alternative Antifouling Biocides to Aquatic Organisms
Published literature has been reviewed regarding the toxicity of representative alternative antifouling biocides (Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid,...
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Molecular responses of higher plants to dehydration
A massive amount of data has been accumulating on the molecular responses of plants to water deficit. In plants, dehydration activates a protective...
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Heavy metal signalling in plants: linking cellular and organismic responses
Heavy metals are required in plants as essential micronutrients or act as toxic compounds. How do plants perceive heavy metals and which signalling...
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Introduction
Everywhere in the world, environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Besides plant-specific endogenous...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Mammalian Semiochemicals
Progress that has been made in research on the chemical aspects of mammalian semiochemistry over the past decade is discussed on the basis of...
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Pheromones of True Bugs
The Heteroptera, or true bugs, comprise a large and widely distributed group of sucking insects, with about 38,000 described species, some of which...
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Pheromone Reception
Insects are analytical chemists par excellence. They perceive the world through semiochemicals with inordinate sensitivity. A male moth, for example,...
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Molecular genetics of genotoxic stress signalling in plants
Cells are under constant threat by endogenous and exogenous factors affecting DNA integrity. In response, complex signalling networks are activated...
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Oxidative stress signalling
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the generation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. ROS are produced during...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Extracellular Communication in Bacteria
Populations of bacterial cells often coordinate their responses to changes in their local environmental conditions through “quorum sensing”, a...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...