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Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends
Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of...
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Worldwide Occurrence of Organotins from Antifouling Paints and Effects in the Aquatic Environment
Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far. Widespread contamination of harbors and areas with high ship**...
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Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments
Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in...
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New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices
Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for...
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Environmental Design Considerationsfor Somatic Embryogenesis
In addition to the biomolecular, physiological, and biochemical aspects of somatic embryogenesis, careful design of environmental conditions is...
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Origin, Development and Structure of Somatic Embryosin Selected Bulbous Ornamentals: BAP as Inducer
Somatic embryogenesis in three important ornamentals is discussed in this chapter. Direct somatic embryo development on the explant tissues...
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Differential Gene Expression During Somatic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis is a complex developmental program in which somatic cells are induced for a commitment towards forming totipotent...
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Embryogenesis in Catharanthus roseus: Roles of Some External Factors in Proliferation, Maturation and Germination of Embryos
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant that contains two well-known anticancerous alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine. Cell...
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Participation of Plant Hormones in Determination and Progression of Somatic Embryogenesis
In vitro culture protocols have been developed for many species, mainly using empirical approaches, to induce somatic embryogenesis from various...
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Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
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Why Somatic Plant Cells Start to form Embryos?
Embryogenesis in plants is not restricted to the fertilized egg cell but can be naturally or artificially induced in many different cell types,...
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Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado
Avocado is a species widely cultivated for its highly nutritious fruit. Currently, soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora root rot are severe...
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Protein Markers for Somatic Embryogenesis
The capacity for somatic embryogenesis is a remarkable property of plant cells. Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Genera Medicago: an Overview
This chapter outlines the details of somatic embryogenesis in genera Medicago. Various factors that influence the process of somatic embryo...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Rose: Gene Expression and Genetic Transformation
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in roses involves several critical steps requiring specific tissue culture media compositions and particular...
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Somatic Embryogenesis of Pine Species: From Functional Genomics to Plantation Forestry
Several economically important tree species belong to the genus Pinus and many of them form the ecological base of forest ecosystems. Pine wood is...
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Cytological, Physiological and Biochemical Aspectsof Somatic Embryo Formation in Flax
The cytological, physiological and some biochemical aspects of somatic embryo formation in flax are discussed. From the review it is obvious that...
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe comparative genomics; from sequence to systems
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is becoming increasingly important as a model for the characterization and study of many globally...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene Family in Cell Cycle Regulation and Suppression of Tumorigenesis
Since its discovery in 1986, as the first tumor suppressor gene, the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) has been extensively studied. Numerous biochemical and...
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Senescence and Cell Cycle Control
In response to various stresses, such as telomere shortening during continuous proliferation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and aberrant oncogene...