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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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S. cerevisiae K28 toxin – a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins
Since the initial discovery of toxin-secreting killer strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more than 40 years ago, continuous research on...
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Regeneration of Articular Cartilage
Loss of articular cartilage from the ends of bones forming diarthrodial joints can be the source of profound pain and disability, and eventually lead...
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Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function...
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Vertebrate Limb Regeneration
In this chapter, we have touched upon some of the key processes of vertebrate limb regeneration from the formation of the wound epithelium to pattern...
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Mammalian Fetal Organ Regeneration
The develo** fetus has the remarkable ability to heal dermal skin wounds by regenerating normal epidermis and dermis with restoration of the...
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Regenerative Capacity and the Develo** Immune System
Many components of the vertebrate immune system have evolved with dual, interrelated functions of both protecting injured tissues from infection and...
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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Bone Regeneration
Bone loss due to trauma or disease is an increasingly serious health problem. Current clinical treatments for critical-sized defects are problematic...
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Stem Cells in CNS and Cardiac Regeneration
The central nervous system (CNS) and the heart muscle regenerate poorly after injury, yet evidence is mounting that both harbor cells capable of...
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Advanced Targeting Strategies for Murine Retroviral and Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Targeted gene delivery involves broadening viral tropism to infect previously nonpermissive cells, replacing viral tropism to infect a target cell...
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Nonviral Delivery of Cancer Genetic Vaccines
The potential use of genetic vaccines to address numerous diseases including cancer is promising, but currently unrealized. Here, we review...
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Production and Formulation of Adenovirus Vectors
Adenovirus vectors have attracted considerable interest over the past decade, with ongoing clinical development programs for applications ranging...
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Molecular Conjugates
Molecular conjugates are nanometer-sized entities consisting of synthetic materials (lipids, polycations, targeting agents, and so on) and nucleic...
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Zygocin – a monomeric protein toxin secreted by virus-infected Zygosaccharomyces bailii
Zygocin, a protein toxin secreted by virus-infected strains of the osmotolerant spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii kills a broad spectrum of...
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Regeneration of Urologic Tissues and Organs
Patients suffering from a variety of urologic diseases may be treated with transplanted tissues and organs. However, there is a shortage of donor...
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Acidophilic structure and killing mechanism of the Pichia farinosa killer toxin SMKT
SMKT, a killer toxin produced by a halotolerant yeast Pichia farinosa that consists of α and β subunits, is generated from a chromosomally encoded...
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Facts and Theories of Induced Organ Regeneration
Induced organ regeneration is de novo synthesis of a physiological, or nearly physiological, organ at the same anatomical site as the organ that is...
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