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  1. Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS

    Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
    Peter Schröder, Jean Krutmann in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  2. Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems

    Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
    Hans Nohl, Andrey V. Kozlov, ... Katrin Staniek in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  3. Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants

    Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
    Tilman Grune, Peter Schröder, Hans K. Biesalski in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  4. Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species

    Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
    Lars-Oliver Klotz in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  5. Glutathione

    Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
    Juan Sastre, Federico V. Pallardo, Jose Viña in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  6. The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells

    Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
    Kelvin J. A. Davies in Reactions, Processes
    Chapter
  7. The Tail of Two Rivers in Tasmania: The Derwent and Huon Estuaries

    The Derwent and Huon Rivers are two relatively small river systems in the southeast of Tasmania (Australia). They terminate in estuaries that are...
    Edward C. V. Butler in Estuaries
    Chapter
  8. The Sacca di Goro Lagoon and an Arm of the Po River

    The Po di Volano canal–Sacca di Goro lagoon is a small hydrographic system partially located in the southern part of the Po River Delta. The total...
    Pierluigi Viaroli, Gianmarco Giordani, ... Elisa A. Fano in Estuaries
    Chapter
  9. Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan

    An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
    Hideo Okamura, Hirohisa Mieno in Antifouling Paint Biocides
    Chapter
  10. Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary

    The Amazon River supplies more freshwater to the ocean than any other river in the world. This enormous volume of freshwater forces the estuarine...
    Joseph M. Smoak, James M. Krest, Peter W. Swarzenski in Estuaries
    Chapter
  11. New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices

    Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for...
    C. Brunori, I. Ipolyi, ... R. Morabito in Antifouling Paint Biocides
    Chapter
  12. Conclusions

    This conclusion completes one more review concerning the natural condition of the Caspian Sea and the principal trends of change in the second...
    Aleksey N. Kosarev, Andrey G. Kostianoy in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
  13. Pollution of the Caspian Sea

    The pollution of Caspian Sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of long-term monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. It was shown...
    Alexander Korshenko, Alvin Gasim Gul in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
  14. Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea

    The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and...
    Alexey N. Kosarev in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
  15. Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends

    Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of...
    James W. Readman in Antifouling Paint Biocides
    Chapter
  16. Economic and International Legal Dimensions

    The Caspian Region has abundant hydrocarbon resources (oil and gas), as well as biological resources (fish), particularly the unique sturgeon,...
    Igor S. Zonn in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
  17. Role of Particle Sorption Properties in the Behavior and Speciation of Trace Metals in Macrotidal Estuaries: The Cadmium Example

    The role of particles in the fate and speciation of trace metals in macrotidal estuaries was studied using a surface complexation model (MOCO)....
    J.-L. Gonzalez, B. Thouvenin, ... B. Boutier in Estuaries
    Chapter
  18. Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments

    Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in...
    Nikolaos Voulvoulis in Antifouling Paint Biocides
    Chapter
  19. Introduction

    The Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed basin on the planet, is distinguished by special natural conditions, contains rich natural resources...
    Aleksey N. Kosarev, Andrey G. Kostianoy in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
  20. Introduced Species

    Five species of diatom algae, ten species of epiphyte-fouling algae, seven species of plankton invertebrates, 21 benthic organisms and three...
    Mikhail G. Karpinsky, Tamara A. Shiganova, Damir N. Katunin in The Caspian Sea Environment
    Chapter
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