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Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering
The advancements in scaffold-supported cell therapy for musculoskeletal tissue engineering have been truly dramatic in the last couple of decades.... -
Virtual Reality in Healthcare
In our modern 21st century, daily life would be unthinkable without computers. Multimedia and virtual reality are useful for people with special... -
Access to Information on Demand by the aid of Digital Talking Books
This chapter addresses the concept and the fundamental ideas of the digital talking book (DTB), with a particular focus on DTBs in the DAISY format.... -
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12 Baker’s Yeast: a rising foundation for eukaryotic sphingolipid-mediated cell signaling
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an invaluable tool for the dissection of sphingolipid metabolic pathways and cloning of enzymes involved in... -
1 Phospholipid synthesis in mammalian cells
Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes and as such act as the major permeability barrier between cells and the extracellular... -
2 Phospholipid synthesis and dynamics in plant cells
Phospholipids represent the second family of lipids after the galactolipids in photosynthetic tissues and the first in non-photosynthetic tissues.... -
Modeling Calcium Waves
We present an introduction to the mathematics of calcium waves, both intracellular and intercellular. After a discussion of the earlier models I... -
Regulation of IP 3 Receptors by IP 3 and Ca 2+
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ( IP 3) receptors are intracellular Ca 2+ channels that mediate release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores. The channels... -
Hormone-Mediated Intercellular Calcium Signalling in an Insect Salivary Gland – Pathways and Mechanisms
The salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina are a favourable preparation for investigations into spatio-temporal Ca 2+ dynamics in an intact... -
From Simple to Complex Ca 2+ Oscillations: Regulatory Mechanisms and Theoretical Models
Intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations most often appear as regular spikes. However, complex Ca 2+ oscillations in the form of bursting or chaos have also... -
11 Plant sphingolipids
Plants contain a multiplicity of sphingolipid metabolites, such as long-chain bases, long-chain base phosphates, ceramides, glycosylceramides,... -
5 Sterol metabolism and functions in higher plants
Higher plants synthesize a bewildering array of sterols, with sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol as major compounds. All plant... -
6 Sterol biochemistry and regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a major model system for the study of sterol biosynthesis and function. All of the genes encoding the enzymes... -
7 Mammalian ACAT and DGAT2 gene families
Mammalian isozymes of ACAT, DGAT, and MGAT are encoded by the ACAT and DGAT2 gene families. These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of neutral lipid... -
Aging and mitochondrial dysfunction in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, mitochondria play a paramount role in life span control and aging. During aging, these organelles... -
The human Werner Syndrome as a model system for aging
The aging process is one of the most challenging biological pathways to understand. Applications of model systems for aging have contributed... -
Aging and the programmed death phenomena
Biochemical mechanisms of the programmed death phenomena are considered at levels of unicellular organisms, mitochondria, cells, groups of cells, and... -
Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to... -
The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....