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Systematic Review of Differential Reinforcement in Skill Acquisition
The purpose of this article was to review and summarize the literature investigating the impact of differential reinforcement on skill acquisition....
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What’s in a name: The role of verbalization in reinforcement learning
Abstract (e.g., characters or fractals) and concrete stimuli (e.g., pictures of everyday objects) are used interchangeably in the...
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Test–retest reliability of reinforcement learning parameters
It has recently been suggested that parameter estimates of computational models can be used to understand individual differences at the process...
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Using Reinforcement to Prevent Challenging Behaviors
Challenging behavior is comprised of behaviors that interfere with an individual’s access to educational and social opportunities. Researchers have...
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Using Equivalence-Based Instruction to Teach Schedules of Reinforcement to Staff Members
The present study evaluated the use of computerized equivalence-based instruction (EBI) to teach classes representing schedules of reinforcement to...
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Teaching the Function of Auditory Stimuli Using Secondary Target Instruction
It is important for children to learn to identify safety stimuli in their environment; however, there has been limited research in the field of...
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Reinforcement Learning Under Uncertainty: Expected Versus Unexpected Uncertainty and State Versus Reward Uncertainty
Two prominent types of uncertainty that have been studied extensively are expected and unexpected uncertainty. Studies suggest that humans are...
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Why do valence asymmetries emerge in value learning? A reinforcement learning account
The Value Learning Task (VLT; e.g., Raymond & O’Brien,
2009 ) is widely used to investigate how acquired value impacts how we perceive and process...
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Response Cost and Time-Out from Reinforcement
Response cost and time-out are behavior change tactics that have been applied widely as part of intervention efforts to reduce problematic behaviors...
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Secondary outcomes and qualitative findings of an open-label feasibility trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for adults with bulimia nervosa
BackgroundThere is emerging evidence that stimulants warrant further investigation as a treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) including a recent...
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Cross-lagged Relations of Children’s Somatoform Complaints: Embedment within Learning Theory and Secondary Gain Concept
The current state of research on the emergence and maintenance of somatoform symptoms in childhood identifies the influence of both child and...
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The reinforcement sensitivity theory affects questionnaire (RST-AQ). A validation study of a new scale targeting affects related to anxiety, approach motivation and fear
This paper presents the RST-AQ, a 22-item scale to measure the affective states related to the three motivational systems postulated by Reinforcement...
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Updated Recommendations for Reinforcement Schedule Thinning following Functional Communication Training
Schedule thinning is a necessary treatment procedure following the acquisition of a communication response during functional communication training....
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Treatment Outcomes of Children with Primary Versus Secondary Callous-Unemotional Traits
Objective: Recent efforts to improve outcomes for young children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional (CU) traits involve adapting...
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The Role of Reinforcement in the Treatment of Sleep Problems
A fundamental principle of operant theory is that behavior is strengthened or weakened by environmental contingencies (i.e., operant behavior is...
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Secondary psychiatric care patients’ experiences of internet CBT for insomnia – a qualitative study
BackgroundInsomnia is very common, especially among psychiatric patients in secondary care. It is experienced as a 24 h problem affecting several...
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Associations of reinforcement sensitivity theory personality constructs, cognitive biases for negative and threatening social information, and social anxiety
BackgroundUsing Kimbrel’s (2008) mediation model of social anxiety as a theoretical framework, the primary aim of the current study was to use path...
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Differences in emotional contagion, interpersonal relationships and social rewards in males and females: examining the links with primary and secondary psychopathic traits
Individuals with psychopathic traits display low empathy and as a result they have difficulties maintaining meaningful relationships. Emotional...
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Conditional Learning Deficits in Children with ADHD can be Reduced Through Reward Optimization and Response-Specific Reinforcement
When children with ADHD are presented with behavioral choices, they struggle more than Typically Develo** [TD] children to take into account...
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The Role of Classmates’ Modeling and Reinforcement in Adolescents’ Perceived Classroom Peer Context
Experiences with classmates can affect adolescents’ academic, emotional, and social development. The aim was to examine whether changes in...
