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Libya
Libya’s earliest inhabitants were the semi-nomadic Berbers, whose descendants still live throughout North Africa’s Atlas Mountains. Phoenician...
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A Gulf Across the Irish Sea? The European Election Campaigns in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
This chapter considers the very differing election experiences in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland, where the UK and its future relationship...
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Path to Power: The Brexit Election
Isla Glaister was part of the Sky News editorial team that covered what they called the “Brexit Election”. An important aspect of this reporting was...
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The Red Wall Falls
As the final week of the campaign began, the battle to frame the election was largely over. All the parties could do now was to play their strongest...
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Europe
The chapter summarizes the constitutional and legal provisions for different kinds of referendums in Europe. In addition, it provides an overview of...
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Blueprints for the Midcentury
In Katangese Peoples’ Congress v. Zaire (1992), the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights ruled that self-determination under the ACHPR...
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From Boom to Bust
The long period of economic prosperity from 1992 to 2007 masked tensions within British society including growing income inequality, concern over...
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Politics Beats Polity: Self-Rule, Shared Rule, and Member States’ Compliance
The chapter investigates the relationship between subnational policy-sha** and a member state’s compliance with EU law. It finds that in member...
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From the End of History to the End of the World? A Tale of Unforeseen Global Changes
This chapter takes the fall of the Berlin Wall as its point of departure, and from there it traces a trajectory of unforeseen developments that have...
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How Voters Reacted to Campaign Cues
This chapter assesses how far voters will have been influenced by the cues provided in the referendum campaign. Given the length of the campaign and...
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Rule of Law Without a Constitution in the UK
“End the human rights farce!” So went a 2011 headline in the UKUnited Kingdom’s Daily Telegraph newspaper. The sentiment has echoed through British...
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Ireland
Ireland was first inhabited around 7500 BC by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who travelled across the land bridge that connected southwest Scotland with...
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Cognitive Attack
Menticide attacks the cognitive faculties of victims to break down their mental integrity and render them susceptible to indoctrination. During...
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United Arab Emirates
Archaeological evidence indicates that in the 3rd millennium BC a culture known as Umm al-Nar developed in modern-day Abu Dhabi. There was trade with...
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Further Thoughts on Western Exceptionalism
The West is exceptional for the wrong reasons. The West has perfected imperialism, militarism, racism, slavery, subjugation, social Darwinism,...
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The Referendum
This chapter covers the referendum campaign, the poll itself on June 23 2016 and analyses the socio-economic make-up of the Leave and Remain voters....
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The ‘Tartan Army’? Nationalist Terrorism in Scotland
This chapter details the use of terrorism by fringe nationalist groups in Scotland, examining groups such as the Scottish Republican Army, the Tartan...
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Barclays: Lessons Lost?
This chapter surveys Barclays and argues that the group has undergone a double U-turn post-2008. The chapter contends that immediately following the...
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New Labour’s ‘Initiative-Itis’: A Missed Target
This chapter traces the complex course of New Labour’s NHS reforms. Before gaining office, Labour’s policy had been to ‘save the NHS’ without being...