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Method of Natural Projector
P. and T. Ehrenfest introdused in 1911 a model of dynamics with a coarse-graining of the original conservative system in order to introduce...
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Quasi-Chemical Representation
In Chap. 5 we have used the second law of thermodynamics, the existence of the entropy, in order to equip the problem of constructing the slow...
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3 Maximum-Likelihood Methodsin Quantum Mechanics
Maximum Likelihood estimation is a versatile tool covering wide range of applications, but its benefits are apparent particularly in the quantum...
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6 Quantum Tomography from Incomplete Data via MaxEnt Principle
We show how the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle can be efficiently used for a reconstruction of states of quantum systems from incomplete...
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11 Discrimination of Quantum States
The problem of discriminating among given nonorthogonal quantum states is underlying many of the schemes that have been suggested for quantum...
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7 Experimental Quantum State Tomography of Optical Fields and Ultrafast Statistical Sampling
We review experimental work on the measurement of the quantum state of optical fields, and the relevant theoretical background. The basic technique...
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12 Quantum States: Discrimination and Classical Information Transmission.A Review of Experimental Progress
The purpose of this chapter is to review the experimental achievements made to date in two closely related areas of quantum information science....
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Non-Neutral Plasmas and Collective Phenomena in Ion Traps
Single components non-neutral plasmas confined in static or radiofrequency traps show oscillations and instabilities as basic manifestations of...
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The Possible Role of Nuclear Fusion in the 21st Century
The possible role of fusion as a future energy source is examined. These considerations have to link physical issues and socio-economic aspects.
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Physics of “Hot” Plasmas
The physics of hot plasmas, i.e. nearly collisionless plasmas with finite pressure as they occur in astrophysical or fusion applications, is...
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Plasma Diagnostics
Measuring plasma quantities is a demanding challenge in experimental plasma physics. It requires detailed knowledge of basic plasma physics and...
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Collective Effects in Dusty Plasmas
Dusty plasmas, i.e. plasmas containing particles of nanometer to micrometer size, allow the observation of kinetic and collective effects on a...
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Computational Plasma Physics
The use of computational methods is discussed for plasma edge physicsand plasma turbulence studies.
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Research on Modern Gas Discharge Light Sources
This article gives an overview of today's gas discharge light sources and their application fields with focus on research aspects. In Sect. 15.1 of...
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Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion is one of the most important physics effects as it is the basis of power production and synthesis of nuclei in stars. The basic...
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Introduction to Turbulence in Magnetized Plasmas
Turbulence is a complex manifestation of collective plasma behaviour. An introduction to turbulence with particular emphasis on magnetized plasmas is...
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Waves in Plasmas
Waves are basic manifestation of collective effects in plasmas. Wave types occurring in the plasma state are introduced and discussed with...
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Plasmas in Planetary Interiors
We give an overview of the properties of matter in planetary interiors. Of special interest are the equation of state and the conductivities. This...
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Transport in Toroidal Plasmas
To understand the mechanisms determining con.nement of energy and particles in toroidal plasmas, is one of the most prominent and ambiguous...
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An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD),or Magnetic Fluid Dynamics
The physics of hot plasmas is based on understanding of the interdependency of magnetic and hydrodynamics properties of plasmas.