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Magnetic Fields in Galaxies
Magnetic fields are a major agent in the interstellar medium. They contribute significantly to the total pressure which balances the gas disk against...
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Magnetic Fields in Galaxy Systems, Clusters and Beyond
The discovery of significant magnetic fields beyond our Milky Way was unwittingly made in the early 1950’s when new “discrete” cosmic radio sources...
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Stellar Magnetic Fields
Stellar magnetic fields are directly detected or inferred across the whole Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram. Attention in this chapter is concentrated on...
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Magnetic Fields in Diffuse HI and Molecular Clouds
The diffuse interstellar HI is the matrix within which many molecular clouds reside and the medium that soaks up the energy injected by sources such...
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Magnetic Fields in the Early Universe
A substantial magnetic field could conceivably have been generated in the ultra-early Universe. However, the relevant physics at those eras is very...
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Inflation
The optimistic picture for the explanation of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry that we apparently obtain with grand unified theories has one serious...
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Standard Synthesis
One of the two most important observations that indicate a hot past of the universe is the universal distribution of helium and deuterium. Deuterium,...
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1 An Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe
We present an elementary introduction to the Early Universe. The basic features of the hot Big Bang are reviewed in the framework of the fundamental...
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Basics
Telescopes of all kinds look deep into the sky and find planets, stars, the Milky Way, other galaxies, clusters of galaxies, the large-scale...
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Topological Quasi-Particles
The subject of topology is the set of properties of relative positions that can be defined without the use of metric properties. A metric induces a...
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Anthropic Aspects
Cosmology attempts to understand the observable metagalaxy as a representative part of the universe and as a necessary consequence of the laws that...
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Higher Dimensions
The invariance group of mechanics and field theory tells us that space has three dimensions, and space-time four. Nearly all physical theory uses...
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7 Brane-World Cosmology
According to recent ideas from particle physics, the universe could be a higher-dimensional spacetime, with our observable part of the universe being...
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The Structure Functions F2 c , F L and F L c in the Framework of the k T Factorization
We present the perturbative parts of the structure functions F2 c and F L...
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B Physics and CP Violation
After an introduction to the Standard-Model description of CP violation, we turn to the main focus of these lectures, the B-meson system. Since...
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Deep Inelastic J/ψ Production at HERA in the Colour Singlet Model with k T -Factorization
We consider J/ψ meson production in ep deep inelastic scattering in the colour singlet model using the k T...
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Heavy Flavor Production off Protons and in a Nuclear Environment
These lectures present an overview of the current status of the QCD based phenomenology for open and hidden heavy flavor production at high energies....
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4 Abelian Gauge Fixing
The formation of monopoles and their condensation in the QCD ground state is a feature which is related to abelian gauge fixing, discussed in this...
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Light-Quark Dynamics
At low energies E ≪ M W , the interactions of leptons and hadrons are described by QCD + QED up to corrections of order...
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Measurement of the $b\bar{b}$ Production Cross Section in 920 GeV Fixed-Target Proton-Nucleus Collisions at the HERA-B Detector
The $b\bar{b}$ production cross section has been measured using...