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Conclusions: The Biomarkers That Could Be Born
In this short chapter, the editors draw their main conclusions. Using Antonio Gramsci’s analysis of what constitutes a crisis, it begins by reviewing...
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Aging biomarkers and the measurement of health and risk
Prevention of age-related disorders is increasingly in focus of health policies, and it is hoped that early intervention on processes of...
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Precision Oncology and Cancer Biomarkers Issues at Stake and Matters of Concern
This open access book reflects on matters of social and ethical concern raised in the daily practices of those working in and around precision...
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Robust Biomarkers: Methodologically Tracking Causal Processes in Alzheimer’s Measurement
In biomedical measurement, biomarkers are used to achieve reliable prediction of, and useful causal information about, patient outcomes while...
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HER2 Revisited: Reflections on the Future of Cancer Biomarker Research
In this chapter, we revisit the successful story of the HER2 biomarker for breast cancer, to reflect on the conditions of its inception, some of the...
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Diseases, Injuries, and Disabilities
There is an essentialist and a non-essentialist quorum view of disease. There are three philosophical theories of illness: naturalism, normativism,...
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Lost in Translation
The era of precision medicine and biomarkers is here. Medical science and research on biomarkers have made enormous improvements in medical care for...
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Why Precision Oncology Is Not Very Precise (and Why This Should Not Surprise Us)
Precision oncology seems for many the best bet for precision medicine generally. In the ideal case, there is a test provided to patients, which will...
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Publication Bias in Precision Oncology and Cancer Biomarker Research; Challenges and Possible Implications
Publication bias and lack of information sharing are major obstacles in scientific research. Indeed, a lot of time, money and effort might be...
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Rationing of Personalised Cancer Drugs: Rethinking the Co-production of Evidence and Priority Setting Practices
Rising health care costs is a challenge for all health care systems, and new and expensive cancer drugs is an important contributor to this. Many...
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Just Caring: Precision Health vs. Ethical Ambiguity: Can we Afford the Ethical and Economic Costs?
Many see “precision medicine” and “precision health” complementing one another. Precision medicine is critical when we have a life-threatening cancer...
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Environmental Health (The Exposome)
The exposome concept was introduced by Christopher Wild, a molecular epidemiologist, in 2005. He defined it as the totality of life-course...
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Mind-Reading Machines: Promises, Pitfalls, and Solutions of Implementing Machine Learning in Mental Health
The central premise of implementing machines to understand minds is perhaps based on Emerson Pugh’s (in)famous quote: “If the human brain were so...
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Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis
BackgroundIn precision medicine biomarkers stratify patients into groups that are offered different treatments, but this may conflict with the...
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Kairos in diagnostics
Kairos has been a key concept in medicine for millennia and is frequently understood as “the right time” in relation to treatment. In this study we...
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Ethical Issues in Neuroscience Research
We have only a limited understanding of how the brain enables thought and behavior and how it becomes dysfunctional in neuropsychiatric disorders....
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Introduction
This introductory chapter gives an overview of the context in which the book was written, and goes through the central themes being addressed. The...
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An analytic framework for conceptualisations of disease: nine structuring questions and how some conceptualisations of Alzheimer’s disease can lead to ‘diseasisation’
According to the US National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should be understood as a...
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Complexity and Integration
Complex diseases can be understood as brought about by wide range of heterogeneous factors, which act probabilistically, interact with each other,...