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Minor structural changes, major functional impacts: posttranslational modifications and drug targets
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are essential mechanisms that provide chemical diversity to proteins. The additional functional and structural...
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Secondary fungal infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients: pathological whereabouts, cautionary measures, and steadfast treatments
The earliest documented COVID-19 case caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, several SARS-CoV-2...
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Real-World Data as External Controls: Practical Experience from Notable Marketing Applications of New Therapies
IntroductionReal-world data (RWD) can contextualize findings from single-arm trials when randomized comparative trials are unethical or unfeasible....
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The possible place for psychedelics in pharmacotherapy of mental disorders
Since its emergence in the 1960s, the serotonergic theory of depression bore fruit in the discovery of a plethora of antidepressant drugs affecting...
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Potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
It is well known that amyloid precursor protein (APP), the enzyme β-secretase 1 (BACE1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nicastrin (NCT), and...
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Regulatory Pathways Supporting Expedited Drug Development and Approval in ICH Member Countries
Regulators and pharmaceutical companies across the world are intensifying efforts to get increasingly complex and innovative drugs to patients with...
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Educate and treat to eliminate gout flares in elderly patients
Gout flares, caused by monosodium urate crystals in joints, are debilitating and linked to poor health outcomes. Gout prevalence increases with age,...
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Statistical Analysis for Rating Scale in Clinical Trials
In psychiatry clinical trials, an instrument or questionnaire with rating scale is often used to access safety and efficacy of a test treatment under...
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Risk Management in Pharmacy Production
This chapter provides a basic knowledge on state-of-the-art approaches and applications of risk management in the pharmaceutical field. It focuses on...
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Prescriber responses to alternative alert builds (AABs) designed for enduring drug shortages: a descriptive study
ObjectiveOur objective was to assess how prescriber responses to drug-shortage-related alternative alert builds (AABs) changed over time during...
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Knowledge and perception of biosimilars in ambulatory care: a survey among Belgian community pharmacists and physicians
BackgroundWith the approval of biosimilars for subcutaneously administered products, such as adalimumab, etanercept and insulin, biosimilars become...
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Formyl peptide receptor 2, as an important target for ligands triggering the inflammatory response regulation: a link to brain pathology
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Among them, FPR2 is a low affinity receptor...
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Equipment
This chapter is about the design, quality and application of equipment for the preparation of medicines in a pharmacy or for preparation in small...
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Effects of Gαi2 and Gαz protein knockdown on alpha2A-adrenergic and cannabinoid CB1 receptor regulation of MEK-ERK and FADD pathways in mouse cerebral cortex
BackgroundAlpha 2A -adrenergic (α 2A -AR) and cannabinoid CB 1 (CB 1 -R) receptors exert their functions modulating multiple signaling pathways, including...
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Oridonin enhances antitumor effects of doxorubicin in human osteosarcoma cells
BackgroundDoxorubicin is the chemotherapeutic drug of choice in osteosarcoma treatment, but its cumulative administration causes dilated...
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Lumateperone in schizophrenia: a profile of its use
Oral lumateperone (Caplyta ® ) is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults in the USA. As a mechanistically...
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CD48-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells are susceptible to natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity
The susceptibility of cancer cells to natural killer (NK) cell–mediated cytotoxicity depends on the balance of activating and inhibitory ligands...
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Pulmonary
For adequate pulmonary drug therapy, choosing the appropriate type of inhaler is just as important as selecting the right type of drug. This chapter...
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Best Practice Recommendations: User Acceptance Testing for Systems Designed to Collect Clinical Outcome Assessment Data Electronically
Implementing clinical outcome assessments electronically in clinical studies requires the sponsor and electronic clinical outcome assessment (eCOA)...
