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Comparing g-computation, propensity score-based weighting, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation for analyzing externally controlled trials with both measured and unmeasured confounders: a simulation study
ObjectivesTo have confidence in one's interpretation of treatment effects assessed by comparing trial results to external controls, minimizing bias...
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Addressing unmeasured confounding bias with a prior knowledge guided approach: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable ischemic heart disease
Unmeasured confounding undermines the validity of observational studies. Although randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are considered the “gold...
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Familial confounding of internalising symptoms and obesity in adolescents and young adults; a co-twin analysis
BackgroundObesity and internalising disorders, including depression and anxiety, often co-occur. There is evidence that familial confounding...
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Evaluating and improving real-world evidence with Targeted Learning
BackgroundThe Targeted Learning roadmap provides a systematic guide for generating and evaluating real-world evidence (RWE). From a regulatory...
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Childhood adversity and psychopathology: the dimensions of timing, type and chronicity in a population-based sample of high-risk adolescents
BackgroundResearch on childhood adversity and psychopathology has begun investigating the dimension of timing, however the results have been...
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A population-based cohort study of sex and risk of severe outcomes in covid-19
There is a male sex disadvantage in morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Proposed explanations to this disparity include gender-related health...
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Chronic pain conditions and risk of suicidal behavior: a 10-year longitudinal co-twin control study
BackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between chronic pain conditions and suicidal behavior—suicide attempt, other intentional self-harm, and...
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Childhood maltreatment and health in the UK Biobank: triangulation of outcome-wide and polygenic risk score analyses
BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is common globally and impacts morbidity, mortality, and well-being. Our understanding of its impact is constrained...
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Generalizability and effect measure modification in sibling comparison studies
Sibling comparison studies have the attractive feature of being able to control for unmeasured confounding by factors that are shared within...
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Adjustment for unmeasured confounding through informative priors for the confounder-outcome relation
BackgroundObservational studies of medical interventions or risk factors are potentially biased by unmeasured confounding. In this paper we propose a...
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Influence of lack of blinding on the estimation of medication-related harms: a retrospective cohort study of randomized controlled trials
BackgroundEmpirical evidence suggests that lack of blinding may be associated with biased estimates of treatment benefit in randomized controlled...
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Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
BackgroundLow levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have been associated with higher rates and severity of infection. Alterations in...
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Rethinking the pros and cons of randomized controlled trials and observational studies in the era of big data and advanced methods: a panel discussion
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have traditionally been considered the gold standard for medical evidence. However, in light of emerging...
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Correlation between brain tissue oxygen tension and regional cerebral oximetry in uninjured human brain under conditions of changing ventilation strategy
Controversy surrounds regional cerebral oximetry (rSO 2 ) because extracranial contamination and unmeasured changes in cerebral arterial:venous ratio...
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Statistical Confounding in Observational Research and Center Performance Evaluations in Organ Transplantation
Purpose of ReviewTo describe statistical confounding and the impact of observational research in transplantation. Further, to evaluate potential...
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Eliminating Food Insecurity in the USA: a Target Trial Emulation Using Observational Data to Estimate Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life
BackgroundFood insecurity is associated with many aspects of poor health. However, trials of food insecurity interventions typically focus on...
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Education mediates the relationship of parental socioeconomic status with subjective adult oral health
BackgroundEvidence shows that both socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood and education are associated with adult oral health. However, whether...
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ALK Inhibitor Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Real-World Patients with ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
BackgroundRandomized trials have demonstrated that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be safe and efficacious...
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Use of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants and risks of suicidal behavior and accidents among women with premenstrual disorders: a nationwide cohort study
BackgroundWomen with premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are at increased risks of suicidal behavior and accidents. However, the effect of PMD first-line...
