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Task Control in the Affordance Task as the Underlying Mechanism for the Imbalance Between the Goal-Directed and Habit Formation Systems in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Background and ObjectivesThe habit formation model of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that overreliance on stimulus-driven behaviors...
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Goal-Directed Learning Deficits in Patients with OCD: A Bayesian Analysis
IntroductionDual system learning theories posit an overreliance characterizes obsessive–compulsive disorder on habitual decision-making at the...
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Exploring the mechanisms behind HIV drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: conceptual map** of a complex adaptive system based on multi-disciplinary expert insights
BackgroundHIV drug resistance (HIVDR) continues to threaten the effectiveness of worldwide antiretroviral therapy (ART). Emergence and transmission...
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Clarifying SABA overuse: Translating Canadian Thoracic Society guidelines into clinical practice
Patients with asthma frequently over rely on short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) to treat acute symptoms. This can adversely impact quality of life and...
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Fascial plane blocks for cardiothoracic surgery: a narrative review
In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the limitations and risks associated with the overreliance on opioids in various surgical...
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Comparing body composition between the sweet-liking phenotypes: experimental data, systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
BackgroundLegislation aimed at reducing sugar intake assumes that sweet-liking drives overconsumption. However, evidence that a greater liking for...
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A qualitative study identifying challenges resulting from complex evidence on lifestyle factors and cancer: perspectives from Black and Latina cancer survivors and healthcare providers
PurposeMost breast cancer survivors have challenges with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors. This may be due to contextual challenges that result...
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Homelessness and health-related outcomes in the Republic of Ireland: a systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map
AimTo map existing research on homelessness and health in the Republic of Ireland, and to synthesize the evidence on housing-related disparities in...
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How machine-learning recommendations influence clinician treatment selections: the example of antidepressant selection
Decision support systems embodying machine learning models offer the promise of an improved standard of care for major depressive disorder, but...
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Heart rate and respiratory rate in predicting risk of serious bacterial infection in febrile children given antipyretics: prospective observational study
Clinical algorithms used in the assessment of febrile children in the Paediatric Emergency Departments are commonly based on threshold values for...
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Leveraging a translational research approach to drive diagnostic and treatment advances for autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and poorly understood neurodevelopmental disorder. There are currently no laboratory-based diagnostic...
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AI in the hands of imperfect users
As the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) continues to expand in healthcare, much attention has been given to mitigating...
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Transformer Models in Healthcare: A Survey and Thematic Analysis of Potentials, Shortcomings and Risks
Large Language Models (LLMs) such as General Pretrained Transformer (GPT) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), which...
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How can we improve mental health crisis services for young people? A survey of mental health crisis professionals across Greater Manchester
BackgroundHealthcare providers have been under pressure to improve the provision of crisis mental health services in England. Through the process of...
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Should Video Laryngoscopy Replace Direct Laryngoscopy as a Primary Intubation Technique?
Purpose of ReviewWhile direct laryngoscopy has been the standard technique for tracheal intubation, the application of video laryngoscopy has grown...
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COVID-19 outbreak in a state prison: a case study on the implementation of key public health recommendations for containment and prevention
BackgroundPeople incarcerated in US prisons have been disproportionately harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. That prisons are such efficient...
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A Charter to Fundamentally Change the Role of Oral Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma
Asthma affects 339 million people worldwide, with an estimated 5–10% experiencing severe asthma. In emergency settings, oral corticosteroids (OCS)...
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Positive association between weight-adjusted-waist index and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension: a cross-sectional study
PurposeThe links between obesity and dementia remain equivocal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist...
