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Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid ameliorates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder in early AD via insulin signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro
BackgroundShen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid (SZL) is an herbal formula known for its efficacy of nourishing “heart and spleen”, and is used for the treatment...
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An insulin-like signalling pathway model for Fasciola gigantica
BackgroundThe insulin/insulin-like signalling (IIS) pathway is common in mammals and invertebrates, and the IIS pathway is unknown in Fasciola...
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Targeting PI3K/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers,...
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Insulin and the insulin receptor collaborate to promote human gastric cancer
BackgroundGastric adenocarcinoma is common and consequent mortality high. Presentation and mortality are increased in obese individuals, many of whom...
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Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in prostate cancer and associated drug resistance
Globally, prostate cancer ranks second in cancer burden of the men. It occurs more frequently in black men compared to white or Asian men. Usually,...
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Insulin signaling in skeletal muscle during inflammation and/or immobilisation
BackgroundThe decline in the downstream signal transduction pathway of anabolic hormone, insulin, could play a key role in the muscle atrophy and...
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Flavonoid compound from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb improves adipose insulin resistance by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation
BackgroundResearches and practice of traditional Chinese medicine indicated that Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb could improve insulin resistance (IR) and...
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Insulin Resistance Triggers Atherosclerosis: Caveolin 1 Cooperates with PKCzeta to Block Insulin Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells
ObjectiveTo date, therapies for endothelial dysfunction have primarily focused on ameliorating identified atherosclerosis (AS) risk factors rather...
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Insulin detection in diabetes mellitus: challenges and new prospects
Tremendous progress has been made towards achieving tight glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus through the use of frequent or...
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MiR-143-3p/FNDC5 axis: a novel regulator of insulin sensitivity
PurposeInsulin resistance is a key hallmark in type 2 diabetes. In recent decades, there have been numerous studies of the causes of insulin...
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Disease
Purpose of ReviewPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It has been associated with...
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The manifold roles of protein S-nitrosylation in the life of insulin
Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism....
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3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice
3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can...
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Insulin Resistance Is an Alternative, Novel Risk Factor for Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis
Purpose of ReviewPeriodontitis is one of the diabetic complications and is exacerbated under diabetes. Epidemiological and basic studies suggested...
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The insulin resistant brain: impact on whole-body metabolism and body fat distribution
Insulin exerts its actions not only on peripheral organs but is also transported into the brain where it performs distinct functions in various brain...
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Sensory Systems for Sugar-Induced Cephalic Phase Insulin Release
Purpose of ReviewThis review aims to discuss and summarize the peripheral sensory mechanisms involved in the induction of the early phase of insulin...
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Sympathetic-transduction in untreated hypertension
Transduction of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) into vascular tone varies with age and sex. Older normotensive men have reduced sympathetic...
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Causal relationship between insulin resistance and sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease characterized by reduced muscle mass and function, leading to disability, death, and other diseases. Recently,...
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Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly...
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Association of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with disease severity and adverse outcome in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multi-center cohort study
BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that diabetes...
