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Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is associated with the severity of prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
BackgroundThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has been found...
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IFN-γ differential expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis of thyroidectomized rats
IFN-γ is critical for both thyroid and ovarian function, while thyroxine, secreted from the thyroid gland, regulates the ovarian function via the...
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Effect of Sleeve Gastric Surgery on Body Weight and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Hormone Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is difficult for...
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The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and -thyroid axes activation lasting one year after an earthquake swarm: results from a big data analysis
PurposeTo cope physical and/or psychological threats, the human body activates multiple processes, mediated by a close interconnection among brain,...
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Subclinical central hypothyroidism in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: does it exist?
Central hypothyroidism (CH) is characterized by decreased thyroid hormone production due to insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid...
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Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 772 million people globally. While lung damage is the major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of...
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Thyroid disorders and male sexual dysfunction
Though early research suggested that thyroid hormones were not involved with the testes, male spermatogenesis, or erectile function, investigations...
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Atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis
A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions....
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The recovery time of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after curative surgery in Cushing’s disease and its related factor
PurposePatients with Cushing’s disease (CD) experienced transient central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) after successful surgery. However, the reported...
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Application of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-distress thermometer in pediatric patients during autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and relationship to blood parameters of the stress axis
PurposeHematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) are extremely stressful procedures for pediatric patients. The activation of the hypothalamic...
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Relationship between TSH and free thyroxine in outpatient cancer patient population
BackgroundThe inverse log-linear relationship between Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) is well established and reliably...
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Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with inconsistent behavioral and cognitive abnormalities with profound effects on the individual and...
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Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects
Purpose of ReviewThe goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on...
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The brain–bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism
The brain–bone axis has emerged as a captivating field of research, unveiling the intricate bidirectional communication between the central nervous...
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The influence of body composition on the response to dynamic stimulation of the endocrine pituitary-testis axis
BackgroundTestosterone treatment is generally not recommended in men with obesity induced low serum testosterone. However, distinguishing this...
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Adverse perinatal conditions and the developmental origins of thyroid dysfunction—Lessons from Animal Models
PurposeNutritional, hormonal, and environmental status during development can predispose the individual to obesity and endocrine diseases later in...
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Reference intervals for thyroid function from the fifth to seventh day of life in twin-pregnancy preterm neonates: an 8-year retrospective study
PurposeThe immature and develo** hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis leads to different levels of thyroid function in twin neonates, including free...
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Pediatric Endocrinology A Clinical Handbook
Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this concise, straightforward and clearly written text presents the latest information on the...
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Preterm to term infant postmenstrual age reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine
BackgroundInfants born preterm are affected by a hypothalamic−pituitary−thyroid axis that is immature and still develo** as they progress closer to...
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An analysis of clinical characteristics and postoperative complications in children craniopharyngioma
ObjectiveChildren treated for craniopharyngioma (CP) experience significant morbidity. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and...