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A Tutorial on Applying the Difference-in-Differences Method to Health Data
Purpose of ReviewDifference-in-differences analyses are a useful tool for estimating group-level decisions, such as policy changes, training...
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Markets matter: a simulation study of the bias-variance trade-off in comparison group selection for difference-in-differences analysis
Recent research reveals many pitfalls when selecting a comparison group for difference-in-differences analyses of observational data. Recommendations...
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Medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes after disability onset: a difference-in-differences analysis using nationwide data
BackgroundEffectively managing the coexistence of both diabetes and disability necessitates substantial effort. Whether disability onset affects...
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A Guideline-Implementation Intervention to Improve the Management of Low Back Pain in Primary Care: A Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences Analysis
BackgroundReal-world adherence to clinical practice guidelines is often poor, resulting in sub-standard patient care and unnecessary healthcare...
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Does “National Civilized City” policy mitigate air pollution in China? A spatial Durbin difference-in-differences analysis
“National Civilized City” (NCC) is regarded as China’s highest honorary title and most valuable city brand. To win and maintain the “golden city”...
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Controlling time-varying confounding in difference-in-differences studies using the time-varying treatments framework
This article clarifies how the biostatistical literature on time-varying treatments (TVT) can provide tools for dealing with time-varying confounding...
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A Quasi-experimental Study on the Effect of Pre-entry Tuberculosis Screening for Immigrants on Treatment Outcomes in South Korea: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
ObjectiveThis study ascertains the effects of the pre-entry tuberculosis (TB) screening policy, which was implemented as a strategy for managing TB...
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Can family doctor system improve health service utilization for patients with hypertension and diabetes in China? A difference-in-differences study
BackgroundFamily doctors, serving as gatekeepers, are the core of primary health care to meet basic health needs, provide accessible care, and...
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Improving access to primary health care through financial innovation in rural China: a quasi-experimental synthetic difference-in-differences approach
BackgroundInadequate financing constrains primary healthcare (PHC) capacity in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in rural areas....
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Utilisation of rehabilitation due to mental disorders during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a difference-in-differences analysis
BackgroundOur analyses examined the extent to which the use of rehabilitation for patients with mental disorders decreased due to the COVID-19...
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The impact of minimum wage increase on suicidal ideation in South Korea: a difference-in-differences analysis using nationally representative panel data
BackgroundSouth Korea had the highest suicide rates in the OECD and one of the largest (16.4%) increases in the minimum wage in 2018. Prior studies...
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Rapid ethnography and participatory techniques increase onchocerciasis mass drug administration treatment coverage in Benin: a difference-in-differences analysis
BackgroundOnchocerciasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that causes blindness, is controlled via mass drug administration (MDA) where entire...
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Cost-Utility Analysis of Major System Change in Specialist Cancer Surgery in London, England, Using Linked Patient-Level Electronic Health Records and Difference-in-Differences Analysis
BackgroundStudies have shown that centralising surgical treatment for some cancers can improve patient outcomes, but there is limited evidence of the...
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How does the quality of care for type 2 diabetic patients benefit from GPs-nurses’ teamwork? A staggered difference-in-differences design based on a French pilot program
In many countries, policies have explicitly encouraged primary care teams and inter-professional cooperation and skill mix, as a way to improve both...
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Effectiveness of a targeted telephone-based case management service on activity in an Emergency Department in the UK: a pragmatic difference-in-differences evaluation
BackgroundThis study evaluates the effectiveness of a targeted telephone-based case management service that aimed to reduce ED attendance amongst...
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The causal effect of family physician program on the prevalence, screening, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in an Eastern Mediterranean Region: a causal difference-in-differences analysis
BackgroundHypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) as part of non-communicable diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide,...
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Multi-use physical activity trails in an urban setting and cardiovascular disease: a difference-in-differences analysis of a natural experiment in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
ObjectiveTo determine if expansion of multi-use physical activity trails in an urban centre is associated with reduced rates of cardiovascular...
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Recreational cannabis legalization and alcohol purchasing: a difference-in-differences analysis
BackgroundWhether recreational cannabis legalization is associated with changes in alcohol consumption (suggesting a potential substitution or...
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Moving beyond the classic difference-in-differences model: a simulation study comparing statistical methods for estimating effectiveness of state-level policies
BackgroundReliable evaluations of state-level policies are essential for identifying effective policies and informing policymakers’ decisions....
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The effect of health financing reforms on incidence and management of childhood infections in Ghana: a matching difference in differences impact evaluation
IntroductionIn 2003, Ghana abolished direct out of pockets payments and implemented health financing reforms including the national health insurance...
