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Mechanisms of neuromodulatory volume transmission
A wealth of neuromodulatory transmitters regulate synaptic circuits in the brain. Their mode of signaling, often called volume transmission, differs...
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LncRNA XIST shuttled by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses myocardial pyroptosis in atrial fibrillation by disrupting miR-214-3p-mediated Arl2 inhibition
The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of heart arrhythmia, have not been fully identified. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have...
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In Vitro Maturation, In Vitro Oogenesis, and Ovarian Longevity
This paper will review a remarkable new approach to in vitro maturation “IVM” of oocytes from ovarian tissue, based on our results with in vitro...
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The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Although apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis have been implicated in AD, none fully explains the extensive neuronal loss observed in AD brains....
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Emulsomes: new lipidic carriers for drug delivery with special mention to brain drug transport
BackgroundEmulsomes are a type of lipid-based nanoparticle that consists of a solid lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and have shown...
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The role of lysosomes in metabolic and autoimmune diseases
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that contribute to the degradation of intracellular constituents through autophagy and of extracellular components...
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Interactions of calmodulin kinase II with the dopamine transporter facilitate cocaine-induced enhancement of evoked dopamine release
Typical and atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors (DUIs) prefer distinct conformations of the dopamine transporter (DAT) to form ligand-transporter...
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Immune checkpoint inhibition mediated with liposomal nanomedicine for cancer therapy
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for cancer has achieved great success both in clinical results and on the market. At the same time, success...
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ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 regulates islet β-cell function via repression of mitochondrial homeostasis
Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for the function of pancreatic β-cells. ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial...
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Multi-omics study identifies that PICK1 deficiency causes male infertility by inhibiting vesicle trafficking in Sertoli cells
BackgroundInfertility affects approximately 10–15% of reproductive-age men worldwide, and genetic causes play a role in one-third of cases. As a...
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An increase in VGF expression through a rapid, transcription-independent, autofeedback mechanism improves cognitive function
The release of neuropeptides from dense core vesicles (DCVs) modulates neuronal activity and plays a critical role in cognitive function and emotion....
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An interaction between synapsin and C9orf72 regulates excitatory synapses and is impaired in ALS/FTD
Dysfunction and degeneration of synapses is a common feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). A GGGGCC...
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Physiological principles underlying the kidney targeting of renal nanomedicines
Kidney disease affects more than 10% of the global population and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, highlighting a need for...
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The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence,...
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Evidence for upregulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the substantia nigra in Schizophrenia: a postmortem ultrastructural study
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that psychotic symptoms originate from dysregulation of dopaminergic activity, which may be...
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Optogenetic stimulation of lateral hypothalamic orexin/dynorphin inputs in the ventral tegmental area potentiates mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission and promotes reward-seeking behaviours
Reward and reinforcement processes are critical for survival and propagation of genes. While numerous brain systems underlie these processes, a...
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Diagnostic utility of three Tesla diffusion tensor imaging in prostate cancer: correlation with Gleason score values
BackgroundPreoperative assessment of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness is a prerequisite to provide specific management options. The Gleason score...
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Aquaporin water channels: roles beyond renal water handling
Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are pivotal to renal water handling and therefore in the regulation of body water homeostasis. However, beyond the...
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Detrimental and protective action of microglial extracellular vesicles on myelin lesions: astrocyte involvement in remyelination failure
Microglia are highly plastic immune cells which exist in a continuum of activation states. By sha** the function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells...
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Galectin-3 shapes toxic alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disorder characterised by intracytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB) and...
