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Evaluating the potential of whole-genome sequencing for tracing transmission routes in experimental infections and natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in cattle. Genomic sequencing can resolve phylogenetic...
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Benzodiazepines in the Management of Seizures and Status Epilepticus: A Review of Routes of Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Tolerability
AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) is an acute, life-threatening medical condition that requires immediate, effective therapy. Therefore, the acute care...
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Systemic Contact Dermatitis: The Routes of Allergen Entry
Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) is a generalized reactivation of type IV hypersensitivity skin diseases in individuals with previous sensitization...
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Potential for transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease through peripheral routes
Five sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) strains have been identified to date, based on differences in clinicopathological features of the...
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The Routes of Administration for Acute Postoperative Pain Medication
Effective treatment of postoperative acute pain, together with early mobilization and nutrition, is one of the perioperative strategies advocated to...
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Ski-orienteering: a scientific perspective on a multi-dimensional challenge
Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975....
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies derived from the earliest COVID-19 convalescents protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 variants challenge
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported three years ago, when a group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2...
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Dysbiosis and nutrition in steatotic liver disease: addressing the unrecognized small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) challenge
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, potentially causing major consequences such as liver decompensation....
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Bartha-K61 vaccine protects nursery pigs against challenge with novel european and asian strains of suid herpesvirus 1
The present study investigates the pathogenicity of two recently isolated strains of Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV1), the Greek strain Hercules and the...
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A comparative study of the lengths of different reconstruction routes used after thoracic esophagectomy
BackgroundA challenge in esophageal reconstruction after esophagectomy is that the distance from the neck to the abdomen must be replaced with a long...
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Reproducibility of malaria sporozoite challenge model in humans for evaluating efficacy of vaccines and drugs: a systematic review
BackgroundThe development of novel malaria vaccines and antimalarial drugs is limited partly by emerging challenges to conduct field trials in...
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A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated PRRSV vaccine improves protection efficiency and enhances cell-mediated immunity against heterologous PRRSV challenge
Current strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) control are inadequate and mainly restricted to immunization using...
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The source and fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wastewater and possible routes of transmission
BackgroundThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of causative agents of both human and animal tuberculosis and is responsible for...
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Food intolerances—a diagnostic challenge
BackgroundFood-associated complaints in the gastrointestinal tract can be signs of an intolerance of different etiology, which is reported by almost...
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International recruitment of mental health nurses to the national health service: a challenge for the UK
The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) has been dealing with a shortage in the nursing workforce for the past few decades. With the ongoing COVID-19...
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Diagnostic challenge of dyspnea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic wave: a case report
BackgroundSince its discovery, COVID-19 has often been the first diagnosis of dyspnea and asthenia, especially during the pandemic waves. However, it...
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COVID-19 pandemic and transfusion medicine: the worldwide challenge and its implications
COVID-19 pandemic has imposed worldwide challenge and has significantly affected transfusion medicine. Shortage in blood products along with concerns...
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Comparison of asthma phenotypes in OVA-induced mice challenged via inhaled and intranasal routes
BackgroundThe respiratory system is exposed to various allergens via inhaled and intranasal routes. Murine models of allergic lung disease have been...
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The Risk Reduction of Accidental Exposure-Related Systemic Allergic Reactions Extrapolated Based on Food Challenge Data After 1 Year of Peanut Oral Immunotherapy
IntroductionThe phase 3 trial PALISADE, comparing peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH) oral immunotherapy versus placebo in...
