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The Case for Human Challenge Trials in COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid research to aid in the understanding of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. One...
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The unique diagnostic and management challenge of a patient with concomitant anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody associated immunodeficiency syndrome, IgG4-related disease, and treatment refractory, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection
BackgroundAnti-interferon-gamma autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency syndrome is a rare and underrecognized adult onset immunodeficiency syndrome...
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Endogenous and viral microRNAs in nasal secretions of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) after Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) challenge infection
Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) is a pathogen of water buffaloes responsible for economic loss worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene...
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A case of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) in young adult: still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
A new onset of status epilepticus in a previously healthy adult preceded by a recent minor febrile infection represents a diagnostic and therapeutic...
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Cows with diverging haplotypes show differences in differential milk cell count, milk parameters and vaginal temperature after S. aureus challenge but not after E. coli challenge
BackgroundIn dairy cattle, mastitis causes high financial losses and impairs animal well-being. Genetic selection is used to breed cows with reduced...
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Residual risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV despite timely Hepatitis B vaccination: a major challenge to eliminate hepatitis B infection in Cambodia
BackgroundIn countries with intermediate or high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) represents the main route of...
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Genes and pathways revealed by whole transcriptome analysis of milk derived bovine mammary epithelial cells after Escherichia coli challenge
Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the costliest disease in dairy cattle and a major animal welfare concern. Mastitis is usually caused...
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A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection leading to CSF outbreaks is among the most devastating swine diseases in the pig industry. Porcine...
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies derived from the earliest COVID-19 convalescents protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 variants challenge
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported three years ago, when a group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2...
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Milk fat miRNome changes in response to LPS challenge in Holstein cows
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease in dairy cows, causing economic losses and reducing animal welfare. In order to contribute for the discovery of...
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Emerging and re-emerging pediatric viral diseases: a continuing global challenge
AbstractThe twenty-first century has been marked by a surge in viral epidemics and pandemics, highlighting the global health challenge posed by...
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The remarkable history of pneumococcal vaccination: an ongoing challenge
Although it varies with age and geographical distribution, the global burden of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains...
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Long-term persistence of piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) infection during the pre-smolt stages of Atlantic salmon in freshwater
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon. During salmon production cycles, HSMI has...
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A DIO2 missense mutation and its impact on fetal response to PRRSV infection
BackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) infection during late gestation substantially lowers fetal viability and...
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An Emerging Ophthalmology Challenge: A Narrative Review of TikTok Trends Impacting Eye Health Among Children and Adolescents
In today’s digital age, children and teenagers are deeply entrenched in the world of personal electronic devices including laptops, tablets, and...
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Resilience of swine nasal microbiota to influenza A virus challenge in a longitudinal study
Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important contributing pathogen of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) infections. Evidence in humans has shown...
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Unmasking Infection Risks in Multiple Myeloma: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis
Multiple myeloma (MM) has witnessed significant therapeutic advancements through the introduction of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators,...
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When, Why and How to Re-challenge Clozapine in Schizophrenia Following Myocarditis
Clozapine-induced myocarditis (CIM) is among the most important adverse events limiting the use of clozapine as the most effective treatment for...
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Immuno-reactivity evaluation of Mce-truncated subunit candidate vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis challenge in the goat models
BackgroundDetection of an appropriate antigen with high immunogenicity can be a big step in the production of an effective vaccine for control of...
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Ocular lymphoma: overcoming a diagnostic challenge with an endoscopic sinus approach
BackgroundOcular lymphomas are rare, indolent tumours that pose a diagnostic challenge. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms of...
