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Diverse Phage-Encoded Toxins and Their Role in Bacterial Ecology
Bacteriophages are the most abundant and diverse microbial entity on the planet. Found in every environment, the influence of phages extends beyond...
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Bacterial toxins and heart function: heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin B promotes changes in cardiac function with possible relevance for sudden cardiac death
Bacterial toxins can cause cardiomyopathy, though it is not its most common cause. Some bacterial toxins can form pores in the membrane of...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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Shiga toxins and their mechanisms of cell entry
The Shiga toxins (Stxs) are related toxins secreted by Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli in addition to other bacteria. They all act by entering...
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Stepwise assembly and release of Tc toxins from Yersinia entomophaga
Tc toxins are virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. Although their structure and intoxication mechanism are well understood, it remains elusive...
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Uremic toxins mediate kidney diseases: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was originally identified as an environmental sensor that responds to pollutants. Subsequent research has revealed...
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Metabolic Labeling: Snapshot of the Effect of Toxins on the Key Cellular Processes
Competing bacteria secrete vast variety of toxic effectors via secretion systems. Phospholipase, peptidoglycan-hydrolase, or pore forming toxins...
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Glucocorticoids increase tissue cell protection against pore-forming toxins from pathogenic bacteria
Many species of pathogenic bacteria damage tissue cells by secreting toxins that form pores in plasma membranes. Here we show that glucocorticoids...
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Quantitative Determination of Antibacterial Activity During Bacterial Coculture
Antibacterial activity assays are an important tool in the assessment of the ability of one bacterium to kill or inhibit the growth of another, for...
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The effects of anthropogenic toxins on honey bee learning: Research trends and significance
Managed honey bees are experiencing high rates of colony loss, in part due to widespread exposure to agrochemicals and other environmental toxins....
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Are all VapC toxins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis endowed with enigmatic RNase activity?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb ) employs an extensive network of more than 90 toxin–antitoxin systems, and among them, VapC toxins are the most...
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MultiToxPred 1.0: a novel comprehensive tool for predicting 27 classes of protein toxins using an ensemble machine learning approach
Protein toxins are defense mechanisms and adaptations found in various organisms and microorganisms, and their use in scientific research as...
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Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function...
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Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles
Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living...
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Insect Toxins and Their Bioprospecting
Insects being the most successful evolutionary group occupy almost every conceivable niche that could only be possible through a series of...
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Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two Hybrid
The bacterial two-hybridBacterial two-hybrid (BACTH, for “Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase-based Two-Hybrid”) system is a simple and fast genetic approach...
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Actual Concepts of Higher Fungi Toxins: Nitrogen-Free Organic Compounds
Abstract —This paper continues the discussion of higher fungi toxins, here their toxic nitrogen-free organic compounds are considered. The challenges...
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Assessment of uremic toxins in advanced chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS
IntroductionIn the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), electrolytes, fluids, and metabolic wastes including various uremic toxins,...
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Reduction in Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins Driven by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Longum BL21 is Associated with Gut Microbiota Changes in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and consequent impairment of gut barrier function, culminating in elevated levels of uremic toxins, are prevalent in chronic...
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Monitoring the secreted profile of PirAvp and PirBvp toxins from Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
The lethal PirA vp and PirB vp toxins from Vibrio parahaemolyticus are responsible for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP AHPND ) in shrimp....
