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Use of Echinoderm Gametes and Early Embryos for Studying Meiosis and Mitosis
The early embryos of sea urchins and other echinoderms have served as experimental models for the study of cell division since the nineteenth...
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Super-enhancer switching drives a burst in gene expression at the mitosis-to-meiosis transition
Owing to bursts in the expression of thousands of germline-specific genes, the testis has the most diverse and complex transcriptome of all organs....
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Meiotic segregation and post-meiotic drive of the Festuca pratensis B chromosome
In many species, the transmission of B chromosomes (Bs) does not follow the Mendelian laws of equal segregation and independent assortment. This...
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Kinesin KIFC3 is essential for microtubule stability and cytokinesis in oocyte meiosis
KIFC3 is a member of Kinesin-14 family motor proteins, which play a variety of roles such as centrosome cohesion, cytokinesis, vesicles...
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Post-cellular biotic evolution in a nutshell
The minimum requirements for post-cellular evolution from prokaryotes towards multicellular eukaryotes are outlined. The main steps are: formation of...
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Epigenetic Inheritance
The field of epigenetics, orchestrating molecular communication at the genome-phenotype interface, has gained significant importance over the last...
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Cytological and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the pollen fertility of synthetic allodiploid Brassica juncea hybrids
Key messageImbalanced chromosomes and cell cycle arrest, along with down-regulated genes in DNA damage repair and sperm cell differentiation, caused...
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Kinesin KIF15 regulates tubulin acetylation and spindle assembly checkpoint in mouse oocyte meiosis
Microtubule dynamics ensure multiple cellular events during oocyte meiosis, which is critical for the fertilization and early embryo development....
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A cytological revisit on parthenogenetic Artemia and the deficiency of a meiosis-specific recombinase DMC1 in the possible transition from bisexuality to parthenogenesis
Although parthenogenesis is widespread in nature and known to have close relationships with bisexuality, the transitional mechanism is poorly...
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Meiosis resumption in human primordial germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro activation and reconstruction of ovarian nests
BackgroundThe differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into oocytes, which involves the transformation from mitosis to...
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Whole-Genome Re-sequencing and Transcriptome Reveal Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Hybrid Sterility in Hermaphroditic Argopecten Scallops
The interspecific hybrid scallops generated from the hermaphroditic bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) and Peruvian scallops ( Argopecten purpuratus )...
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RAD51 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
The recombinase RAD51 catalyzes the DNA strand exchange reaction in homologous recombination (HR) during both mitosis and meiosis. However, the...
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Phosphorylation of adducin-1 by TPX2 promotes interpolar microtubule homeostasis and precise chromosome segregation in mouse oocytes
BackgroundADD1 (adducin-1) and TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) are centrosomal proteins and regulate mitotic spindle assembly. Mammalian oocytes...
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Identification of IPT9 in Brachiaria brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha) and expression analyses during ovule development in sexual and apomictic plants
BackgroundIn Brachiaria sexual reproduction, during ovule development, a nucellar cell differentiates into a megaspore mother cell (MMC) that,...
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The role of Dmnt1 during spermatogenesis of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus
BackgroundThe function of DNA methyltransferase genes of insects is a puzzle, because an association between gene expression and methylation is not...
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Meiosis-specific cohesin complexes display essential and distinct roles in mitotic embryonic stem cell chromosomes
BackgroundCohesin is a chromosome-associated SMC–kleisin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, recombination, and most chromosomal...
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The essential roles of Mps1 in spermatogenesis and fertility in mice
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1), which plays a critical role in somatic mitosis, has also been revealed to be essential for meiosis I in oocytes....
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Non-random chromosome segregation and chromosome eliminations in the fly Bradysia (Sciara)
Mendelian inheritance is based upon random segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis and perfect duplication and division of chromosomes...
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The effects of endogenous FSH and its receptor on oogenesis and folliculogenesis in female Alligator sinensis
BackgroundThe precise mechanisms of hormone action responsible for the full course of events modulating folliculogenesis in crocodilian have not been...
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Timing and characteristics of nuclear events during conjugation and genomic exclusion in Paramecium multimicronucleatum
Ciliated protists are ideal material for studying the origin and evolution of sex, because of their nuclear dimorphism (containing both germline...
