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IRAK-M suppresses the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis proinflammatory cell death...
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Induction of IRAK-M in melanoma induces caspase-3 dependent apoptosis by reducing TRAF6 and calpastatin levels
Melanoma represents the most serious type of skin cancer. Although recent years have seen advances using targeted and immunotherapies, most patients...
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Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes
Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to...
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Emerging trends in IRAK-4 kinase research
The IRAK-4 kinase lies at a critical signaling node that drives cancer cell survival through multiple mechanisms, activation, and translocation of...
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Bacterial extracellular vesicles repress the vascular protective factor RNase1 in human lung endothelial cells
BackgroundSepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and characterized by blood stream infections associated with a dysregulated host...
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Spirulina in fish immunity development: find the black box
In aquaculture studies, Spirulina can be used to replace fish meal in aquafeed to lower the cost of producing fish feed while adding therapeutic and...
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E3 ligase RNF99 negatively regulates TLR-mediated inflammatory immune response via K48-linked ubiquitination of TAB2
Innate immunity is the first line to defend against pathogenic microorganisms, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory responses are an...
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Role of sex in immune response and epigenetic mechanisms
The functioning of the human immune system is highly dependent on the sex of the individual, which comes by virtue of sex chromosomes and hormonal...
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IRAK-M alters the polarity of macrophages to facilitate the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
BackgroundIntracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb ), infects specifically macrophages as host cells. IRAK-M, a member of IRAK...
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Extracellular Cold Shock Protein YB-1 Induces Tolerance to GMDP and LPS in Mouse Macrophage Cell Line J774
Abstract—A cold shock protein YB-1 is involved in the regulation of many fundamental biological processes. Previously, we demonstrated that YB-1 is...
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The localization of Toll and Imd pathway and complement system components and their response to Vibrio infection in the nemertean Lineus ruber
BackgroundInnate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and...
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Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs
With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals,...
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The relationship between autophagy and respiratory viruses
Respiratory viruses have caused severe global health problems and posed essential challenges to the medical community. In recent years, the role of...
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Mechanism of MyD88S mediated signal termination
BackgroundA universal adaptor protein, MyD88, orchestrates the innate immune response by propagating signals from toll-like receptors (TLRs) and...
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Role of toll-like receptor in the pathogenesis of oral cancer
Toll-like receptors are important molecules of innate immunity. They are known as pattern recognition receptors. They recognise certain molecules...
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Research progress on Toll-like receptor signal transduction and its roles in antimicrobial immune responses
When microorganisms invade a host, the innate immune system first recognizes the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of these microorganisms...
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Inhibition of TRAF6 improves hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis by alleviating pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo rat models
ObjectiveHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the common causes of acute pancreatitis (AP). Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is associated...
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In search of the Aplysia immunome: an in silico study
The immune repertoires of mollusks beyond commercially important organisms such as the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas or vectors for human...
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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
Host immune system selects the targets through immune recognition. The target-recognition is primary in innate immunity through the innate immune...
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miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA: targeted molecules with therapeutic promises in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is primarily recognized as a respiratory pathogen that causes community-acquired pneumonia, which can lead to acute upper...
