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DNA-targeting short Argonautes complex with effector proteins for collateral nuclease activity and bacterial population immunity
Two prokaryotic defence systems, prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) and CRISPR–Cas, detect and cleave invader nucleic acids using complementary guides...
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Genome wide analysis revealed conserved domains involved in the effector discrimination of bacterial type VI secretion system
Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) deliver effectors into target cells. Besides structural and effector proteins, many other proteins, such as...
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Monitoring Effector Translocation with the TEM-1 Beta-Lactamase Reporter System: From Endpoint to Time Course Analysis
Among the bacterial secretion systems, the Type III, IV, and VI secretion systems enable bacteria to secrete proteins directly into a target cell....
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Quorum quenching by a type IVA secretion system effector
Proteobacteria primarily utilize acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing signals for intra-/interspecies communication to control pathogen...
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Co-immunoprecipitation-Based Identification of Effector–Host Protein Interactions from Pathogen-Infected Plant Tissue
Protein–protein interactions play an essential role in host–pathogen interactions. Phytopathogens secrete a cocktail of effector proteins to suppress...
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Cryo-EM structure and protease activity of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas effector
The recently discovered type III-E CRISPR-Cas effector Cas7-11 shows promise when used as an RNA manipulation tool, but its structure and the...
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A unique effector secreted by Pseudozyma flocculosa mediates its biocontrol activity
BackgroundPseudozyma flocculosa is a highly efficient biocontrol agent (BCA) of powdery mildews whose mode of action remains elusive. It is known to...
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Targeting Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoErs1 and host papain-like protease OsRD21 interaction to combat rice blast
Effector proteins secreted by plant pathogenic fungi are important artilleries against host immunity, but there is no precedent of such effectors...
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The conserved GOLD domain in the Plasmodiophora brassicae effector Pb257 is required for triggering cell death and root swelling
Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the biggest threats to cruciferous plants and one of the most economically significant diseases worldwide....
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Early expression onset of tissue-specific effector genes during the specification process in sea urchin embryos
BackgroundIn the course of animal developmental processes, various tissues are differentiated through complex interactions within the gene regulatory...
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The Phytophthora parasitica effector AVH195 interacts with ATG8, attenuates host autophagy, and promotes biotrophic infection
BackgroundPlant pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress immune responses and manipulate fundamental cellular processes. One...
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Lipase domain effector AGLIP1 in Rhizoctonia solani triggers necrotic killing in plants
Key messageWe highlight the emerging role of the R. solani novel lipase domain effector AGLIP1 in suppressing pattern-triggered immunity and...
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The unconventional resistance protein PTR recognizes the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR-Pita in an allele-specific manner
Blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating rice diseases. Disease resistance genes such as Pi-ta or Pi-ta2 ...
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Magnaporthe oryzae effector AvrPik-D targets a transcription factor WG7 to suppress rice immunity
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae , is one of the most devastating diseases for rice crops, significantly affecting crop...
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Prediction of Effector Proteins from Trichoderma longibrachiatum Through Transcriptome Sequencing
Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 is an important biocontrol strain isolated by our group that can promote plant growth and induce plant disease...
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The pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola: a review of evolutionary dynamics, infection strategies and effector molecules
Oomycetes are filamentous organisms that resemble fungi in terms of morphology and life cycle, primarily due to convergent evolution. The success of...
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Intra-tumoral T cells in pediatric brain tumors display clonal expansion and effector properties
Brain tumors in children are a devastating disease in a high proportion of patients. Owing to inconsistent results in clinical trials in unstratified...
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A novel end-effector for a fruit and vegetable harvesting robot: mechanism and field experiment
Fruit and vegetable harvesting robots have been widely studied and developed in recent years. However, the usage of existing end-effectors remains a...
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Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150)
The post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers (UbLs), such as SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8, regulates a vast array of...
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