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Signal transduction in plant cold acclimation
Temperate plants respond to low temperature by activating a cold acclimation program leading to enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. This...
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Plant salt tolerance
Soil salinity adversely affects crop productivity and quality. The success of breeding programs aimed at salinity tolerant crop varieties is limited...
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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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Sensors of abiotic stress in Synechocystis
Systematic mutagenesis of histidine kinases in combination with DNA microarray technology has allowed us to identify sensors for cold, hyperosmotic...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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12 Baker’s Yeast: a rising foundation for eukaryotic sphingolipid-mediated cell signaling
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an invaluable tool for the dissection of sphingolipid metabolic pathways and cloning of enzymes involved in...
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1 Phospholipid synthesis in mammalian cells
Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes and as such act as the major permeability barrier between cells and the extracellular...
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2 Phospholipid synthesis and dynamics in plant cells
Phospholipids represent the second family of lipids after the galactolipids in photosynthetic tissues and the first in non-photosynthetic tissues....
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6 Sterol biochemistry and regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a major model system for the study of sterol biosynthesis and function. All of the genes encoding the enzymes...
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7 Mammalian ACAT and DGAT2 gene families
Mammalian isozymes of ACAT, DGAT, and MGAT are encoded by the ACAT and DGAT2 gene families. These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of neutral lipid...
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Aging and mitochondrial dysfunction in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, mitochondria play a paramount role in life span control and aging. During aging, these organelles...
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The human Werner Syndrome as a model system for aging
The aging process is one of the most challenging biological pathways to understand. Applications of model systems for aging have contributed...
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Aging and the programmed death phenomena
Biochemical mechanisms of the programmed death phenomena are considered at levels of unicellular organisms, mitochondria, cells, groups of cells, and...
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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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Biosynthesis and function of 1-methyladenosine in transfer RNA
Determining the function of single nucleotide modifications in tRNA has been elusive because so many tRNA modification enzymes are not essential for...
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Transfer RNA modifications and modifying enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Transfer RNAs are adaptor molecules, which decode mRNA into protein and, thereby, play a central role in gene expression. During the maturation of a...
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Checkpoint and Coordinated Cellular Responses to DNA Damage
The DNA damage and replication checkpoints are signaling mechanisms that regulate and coordinate cellular responses to genotoxic conditions. The...
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Systems biology of apoptosis
New approaches are required for the mathematical modelling and system identification of complex signal transduction networks, which are characterized...
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Crystallographic Studies of Native and Mutant Orotidine 5′phosphate Decarboxylases
This review aims to use the results of an approach combining crystallographic structure analysis with mutational studies as a framework for the...