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Seed-Based Production System for Molecular Farming
Seed is an ideal bioreactor for the expression of high-value recombinant proteins. High production can be achieved by taking advantage of established...
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Downregulation of MYBL1 in endothelial cells contributes to atherosclerosis by repressing PLEKHM1-inducing autophagy
MYBL1 is a strong transcriptional activator involved in the cell signaling. However, there is no systematic study on the role of MYBL1 in...
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Site-specific ubiquitination of MLKL targets it to endosomes and targets Listeria and Yersinia to the lysosomes
Phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) by the protein kinase RIPK3 targets MLKL to the cell membrane,...
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LRRK2 phosphorylation status and kinase activity regulate (macro)autophagy in a Rab8a/Rab10-dependent manner
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with growing importance...
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Novel endosomolytic compounds enable highly potent delivery of antisense oligonucleotides
The therapeutic and research potentials of oligonucleotides (ONs) have been hampered in part by their inability to effectively escape endosomal...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its clever approaches to escape the deadly macrophage
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt.b ), a deadly disease causer, is a facultative parasite. This microorganism has developed several methods to defend...
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Endocytosis of Tight Junction Proteins: A Pathway for Barrier Remodeling
The tight junction complex is a central component of barrier tissues by occluding the paracellular space. Environmental and intrinsic signals...
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Efferocytosis: a double-edged sword in microbial immunity
Efferocytosis is characterized as the rapid and efficient process by which dying or dead cells are removed. This type of clearance is initiated via...
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Non-proteolytic ubiquitylation in cellular signaling and human disease
Ubiquitylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins that frequently targets substrates for proteasomal...
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Machinery, regulation and pathophysiological implications of autophagosome maturation
Autophagy is a versatile degradation system for maintaining cellular homeostasis whereby cytosolic materials are sequestered in a double-membrane...
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A maize heat shock factor ZmHsf11 negatively regulates heat stress tolerance in transgenic plants
BackgroundHeat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are highly conserved among eukaryote and always play vital role in plant stress responses. Whereas,...
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p53 and HuR combinatorially control the biphasic dynamics of microRNA-125b in response to genotoxic stress
Post-transcriptional regulation of p53, by the microRNA miR-125b and the RNA-binding protein HuR, controls p53 expression under genotoxic stress. p53...
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γ-Enolase enhances Trk endosomal trafficking and promotes neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells
BackgroundNeurotrophins can activate multiple signalling pathways in neuronal cells through binding to their cognate receptors, leading to...
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Exosomal transmission of viruses, a two-edged biological sword
As a common belief, most viruses can egress from the host cells as single particles and transmit to uninfected cells. Emerging data have revealed en...
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NUAK1 coordinates growth factor-dependent activation of mTORC2 and Akt signaling
BackgroundmTORC2 is a critical regulator of cytoskeleton organization, cell proliferation, and cancer cell survival. Activated mTORC2 induces maximal...
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Myeloid cell deficiency of the inflammatory transcription factor Stat4 protects long-term synaptic plasticity from the effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet
Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The cytokine interleukin-12 activates signal...
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Pathways of integrins in the endo-lysosomal system
In this review, we present recent scientific advances about integrin trafficking in the endo-lysosomal system. In the last few years, plenty of new...
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Insulin induces insulin receptor degradation in the liver through EphB4
Insulin signaling is essential for glucose metabolism, and insulin decreases insulin receptor (InsR) levels in a dose-dependent and time-dependent...
